ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Septicemia, as defined by the clinical response to a severe systemic infection, remains an important clinical problem associated with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Treatment of septicemia has three facets. One is to restore and maintain cardiovascular stabilization by the use of fluids and vasoactive agents. The second is to eradicate the source of infection with the appropriate antibiotics and drainage of the septic focus whenever possible, and the third is to limit an excessive immunologic host response to infection. Monoclonal antibodies to endotoxin may be helpful in septicemia due to gram-negative organisms, although the definitive proof of their efficacy is debated. Anti–tumor necrosis factor antibodies and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist are under trial, as well as other forms of therapy likely to control an excessive host response to the invading agent. It is probable that a combination of therapies will reduce the septicemia-related morbidity and mortality rates.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

With recent advances in technology, echocardiography has not only been proven to play a dramatic and exciting role in the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis, but in addition, is providing new insights into the natural history of the vegetation. Since the first vegetation was described by M-mode echocardiography almost 20 years ago, refinements in color Doppler and the addition of transesophageal imaging have allowed more accurate detection of vegetations, including the complications produced involving abnormalities of the valvular and supporting cardiac structures, as well as the resultant alterations in cardiac hemodynamics. With this new information, which is now widely and readily available through echocardiography, a significant impact should be made on the morbidity and mortality of infectious endocarditis in the ensuing years.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The chronic fatigue syndrome continues to occupy a tenuous position in the gray zone between “organic” and “functional” disorders. Recent research efforts have identified variations in spontaneous lymphocyte transformation and T-lymphocyte surface antigen expression in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome or similar illnesses. The roles of psychiatric conditions such as panic disorder, substance abuse, personality profiles, and learned helplessness have been further clarified. Cognitive behavioral therapy, a treatment developed for chronic pain patients, has yielded striking symptomatic improvement in sizable percentages of chronic fatigue syndrome patients.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

TheYersiniagenus includesYersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia pestis, Yersinia frederiksenii, Yersinia kristensenii, Yersinia intermedia, Yersinia aldovae, andYersinia rohdei. The first three species are pathogenic for immunocompetent humans.Y. enterocoliticahas emerged as an increasing worldwide pathogen. Recent studies have elucidated new data on its epidemiology, the pathogenic mechanisms of invasion, and new clinical problems.Y. pseudotuberculosisis a much less common pathogen that produces gastrointestinal manifestations similar toY. enterocolitica, and also on rare occasions sepsis. It will not be discussed further in this review.Y. pestisis the etiologic agent of plague. This pathogen produces one of the classic infectious diseases with enormous historic implications and is still a significant problem in the United States and many parts of the third world.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent reports on leptospirosis have focused on its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. The disease continues to be a major public health problem in the tropics, as evidenced by several recent reports from India and the Caribbean. In the United Kingdom, leptospirosis cases predominate in agricultural workers, while recreational exposure and household pets are important sources of infection in the United States. Several recent clinical reports emphasize that severe pulmonary involvement can complicate leptospirosis. Another investigation concerned a group of adult patients with pancreatitis, previously thought to occur mainly in children. Current methods of diagnosis are clearly unsatisfactory, but much research activity is directed at improving this situation. These are grounds for optimism that better diagnostic tests will be available in the near future.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Fourth International Kawasaki Disease Symposium was held during the past year, and this and other forums have stimulated continued interest in this idiopathic vasculitis of childhood. Considerable epidemiologic evidence supports an infectious etiology for Kawasaki disease, but molecular approaches to its identification remain unrewarding. Bacterial toxins functioning as possible superantigens, retroviruses, and Epstein-Barr virus are among the candidate “Kawasaki agents” currently being investigated. Other researchers are attempting to gain insight into the illness through the use of sophisticated epidemiologic techniques, by identifying the cytokines characteristic of acute Kawasaki disease, or through a potential new animal model. At the same time, clinical management of acute Kawasaki disease is being refined as a result of new information concerning the optimal use of both salicylates and intravenous gamma globulin.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

As the number of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus increases, the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in this setting continues to evolve. Presented in this review is the clinical spectrum of dermatologic manifestations associated with patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. A classification schemata of these disorders is presented as well as a clinical approach to diagnosis of these disorders and appropriate therapeutic interventions. It is hoped that recognition and awareness of these cutaneous disorders in the retroviral setting will lead to improved patient care.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The past year brought many advances in the understanding of cutaneous viral diseases. Administration of acyclovir capsules, but not topical acyclovir, appears to be safe and effective prophylaxis for both oral and genital herpes simplex virus infections. Several new compounds show promise as therapies for acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infection. New strategies for managing varicella-zoster virus infection including acyclovir, foscarnet, and vaccination have been tested. Insights into the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus infection may provide the basis for an effective vaccine and treatment.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID