ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A body of evidence supports an association betweenChlamydia pneumoniaeand atherosclerosis. Recent prospective, seroepidemiologic studies have refined estimations of relative risk. Advances in diagnostic testing with the polymerase chain reaction have created a potential opportunity to screen for infected individuals. New insights into the pathogenesis of infection withC. pneumoniaehave been reported, many of which are relevant to the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Clinical trials have now been initiated and should provide guidance as to the utility of antibiotics in the treatment or prevention of coronary artery disease.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci account for a significant number of nosocomial infections, and new options for therapy have been lacking. During the past year, two agents have been released that have activity against these organisms: quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid. Although neither agent is a panacea, these recently released agents offer new options for therapy.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Antimicrobials are an important source of hospital expenditure. Traditionally, severe bacterial infections have been treated initially with intravenous antibiotics, followed by physician-directed switch to oral therapy. Unfortunately this approach results in unnecessary prolongation of intravenous treatment, with all its inherent disadvantages. Sequential antibiotic therapy, however, ensures an early switch to the oral route when the patient is clinically stable. This increasingly employed strategy is safe and results in improved quality and cost-effectiveness of health care. To ensure timely and appropriate switch, such programmes need to be underpinned by clear guidelines and supported by a multidisciplinary team. In the future, key questions, such as what is the optimal time of switch for specific infections, and can conditions such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis be efficaciously treated with oral therapy, need to be answered. Only then will clinicians be able to practise evidence-based infection management incorporating sequential antimicrobial therapy.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The risk of fungal infection is increasing in intensive care unit patients and the spectrum of pathogens is changing. A number of new antifungal agents are becoming available, but their use in critically ill patients has not been assessed in randomized controlled trials. Furthermore, distinguishing colonization from infection is problematic in intensive care unit patients. Clinicians who are involved in the management of intensive care unit patients must remain vigilant and devise a risk-based antifungal strategy that is based on local experience and susceptibility patterns.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Infections caused byCandidaspp. are frequent and serious in oncology patients. Over the past decade, the introduction of azole antifungals as prophylactic agents, and other factors have caused a shift in the species ofCandidathat cause infection. During the period under review (June 1999 to June 2000), several studies have been reported that confirm the impact of antifungal prophylaxis and the emergence of non-albicans Candidaspp. as pathogens. Moreover, laboratory studies to determine the antifungal susceptibilities and virulence properties of non-albicans Candidaspp. have enabled the formation of microbe-specific management strategies. More of these studies will be necessary as we enter an age in which multiple antifungal compounds will become available for clinical use.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Therapy for enteroviral infection is now a reality, and one compound, pleconaril, has been successfully used in a number of clinical trials, with others likely to follow over the next few years. Antibody-deficient patients are particularly prone to chronic enteroviral infection, and have proved to be a useful model in which to examine the efficacy of new drugs. Apart from polioviruses, immunization and immunotherapy to prevent and treat infection is probably impracticable because so many different strains are involved. Ultimately, combination drug therapy will probably be the best strategy to treat chronic infection.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the past year many observational studies have reported on the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on their patient populations. Care should be taken when interpreting these findings because of possible biases due to reporting delay and loss to follow-up. The results are very encouraging, however, suggesting dramatic reductions in the incidence of AIDS and death, and resulting hospitalizations.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can restore immune responses to a variety of pathogens, including cytomegalovirus. Following successful HAART, prophylaxis and maintenance therapy for cytomegalovirus can safely be stopped in selected patients. However, the risk of cytomegalovirus disease progression recurs if HAART fails, and so these patients require careful monitoring.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID