ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The approach to infection management in the neutropenic host is being refined as new antimicrobial agents and strategies aimed at augmenting various components of host competence are entering the realm of clinical investigation. To this end, diverse hematopoietic growth factors are being tested for their abilities to enhance cellular and humoral host defenses directed against bacterial and, most recently, fungal infections in the hematopoietically compromised patient. Additional novel antifungal approaches include new vehicles for local and systemic amphotericin B administration, for example aerosolized and lipid-based preparations. These are designed to deliver higher concentrations of the drug to sites of active infection and, at the same time, to spare the host from the well documented amphotericin-B-related multiorgan toxicities. The emergence of resistant pathogens, exemplified by vancomycin-resistant enterococci, challenges the current therapeutic armamentarium and will be addressed only through the development of structurally and functionally novel antibodies.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus have a high transmission rate (blood or donor organ) and have a high incidence of progressive disease following organ grafting. Treatment of these viruses with interferon and other anti-viral agents is currently undergoing clinical trial. Cytomegalovirus infection or reactivation is well characterized and accurate reliable testing, treatment and prophylaxis are available. In lung and liver transplants cytomegalovirus shows a predilection for the transplanted organ and so has to be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of rejection. Epstein-Barr virus-induced post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is an important complication of transplantation requiring early diagnosis and prompt therapy if progression to a fatal disease is to be prevente

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Better diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of herpes virus and fungal infections has improved the prognosis for infants and children with severe primary T-lymphocyte deficiency. Polymerase chain reaction techniques to diagnose enteroviral infection show that these viruses are a major threat to patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia. Treatment of infections in chronic granulomatous disease with interferon-γ is another example of successful cytokine therapy for human disease.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients with sickle cell disease, thalassaemia major and other chronic haemolytic or dyserythropoietic states are immunocompromised as a result of asplenia or splenic dysfunction, exposure to multiple transfusions and iron overload. Absence of normal splenic function results in susceptibility to overwhelming infections with encapsulated organisms. Infections with pneumococcus account for 70% of such episodes. Pneumococcal vaccine has a 60-65% protective efficiency and prophylactic penicillin must be administered to ensure maximum protection. Despite vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis, the pneumococcus remains the most frequent isolate in bacteriologically confirmed infections in sickle cell disease. Transfused blood may carry an infectious agent or it may adversley affect the immune response to infection. Iron overload predisposes to infection with iron-dependent microorganisms and by interfering with the phagocytic function of neutrophils.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Last year, approximately 200 articles onAspergillusand aspergillosis were published. About 25% of these are reviewed here, focusing primarily on clinical aspects rather than basic science. Many new data on the incidence of invasive aspergillosis have been reported. Useful summaries of the state of-the-art with respect to prophylaxis and empiric therapy have been presented. The literature has also included new clinical experience, especially in bone marrow transplant and AIDS patients. Early reports using molecular techniques for diagnosis have been published, with sensitivities of up to 100% in some studies, although specificity may be a problem in colonized patients. Important advances in understanding neutrophil-Aspergillusinteractions with and without supplemented granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and interferon-γ have emerged, although there is little new information on treatment.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The spectrum of infections in the immunocompromised host continues to expand as a result of intensive aggressive chemotherapy for malignant disease and the continued menace of HIV. Unfamiliar bacteria (for example,Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, Agrobacterium radiobacter, and Corynebacterium haemolyticum), fungi (for example,Trichosporon beigelli and Blastoschizomyces capitatus), and viruses and other organisms (for example,Rochalimaea henselae, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Cyclospora spp.) have been described as causative agents of infections in severely immunodepressed patients. This review will highlight developments in the identification of new and unusual pathogens that are emerging in these patients.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Clostridium difficileis being recognized as an important cause of gut disease in hospitals, ranging from antibiotic-associated diarrhoea to pseudomembranous colitis. It is thought that previous antibiotic administration unbalances the gut microbial ecology and allows the increase ofC. difficile, the consequent toxin production leading to disease. The hospital environment provides the likely source of the organism. Treatment of affected patients is by oral vancomycin or metronidazole. Relapse is not uncommon and is thought to occur by the ingestion of furtherC. difficilefrom the patient's environment.C. difficileoffers a severe challenge to infection control in hospitals.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID