ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Resistance among bacteria is on the rise, both in the hospital and in the community. Surveillance is needed for guided empiric treatment and to detect new reistance mechanisms at an early stage. Surveillance shows a wide variation in resistance among hospitals and countries. Especially methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusand vancomycin-resistant enterococci are uncommon in north western European countries but frequently observed otherwise elsewhere. Among Gram-negative bacteria regional differences are less obvious. Many hospitals all over the world suffer from recurrent outbreaks by Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases,Acinetobacter, etc. Because of the evolving pattern of resistance, surveillance should be done at regular intervals in all hospitals and in the community.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review describes important examples of recent nosocomial infection epidemics. Current trends suggest that emerging problems in nosocomial infections include increased nosocomial epidemics in out-of-hospital settings, contamination of medical devices and products, and antimicrobial resistance. Increased attention should be focused on outbreak investigations in these areas.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nosocomial pneumonia remains an important infection that warrants continuing investigation. The past year has seen a number of reports further describing risk factors, controversial issues around diagnosis, and potential preventive strategies. For specific infecting organisms such as Legionnaire's disease and tuberculosis, further reports of issues related to water supply in the former and staff preventive programs in the latter have also been reported. Substantive advances in prevention or management have not, however, been identified.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Toroviruses have been reported as a new cause of nosocomial viral diarrhoea, and the role of astroviruses has been further elucidated. Polymerase chain reaction methods promise to improve the diagnosis and understanding of the aetiology and control of hospital-acquired viral gastroenteritis. A clearer picture of the impact and extent ofClostridium difficilediarrhoea has emerged, and several control measures have been described. An epidemicClostridium difficilestrain and toxin A-deficient strains have been reported. There is growing evidence that enterotoxin-producingClostridium perfringenscan also cause antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent advances have defined risk factors for orthopaedic implant infections that suggest modifications in the clinical care of certain patients. For diagnosis, new work shows the importance of obtaining multiple specimens for culture, and the enlarging spectrum of causative organisms. The potential for the polymerase chain reaction is demonstrated. In treatment, the value of rifampicin is shown in controlled and open trials.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The spectrum of infectious complications in neutropenic patients after stem cell or bone marrow transplant is not very different from that seen in other neutropenic patients, with the possible exception of fungal infections. The prevention and therapy of these infections remain a major challenge. The management of neutropenic patients after stem cell or bone marrow transplant has markedly benefited from the development of new antiviral agents and the use of granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factors.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Therapeutic approaches in the practice of haematology/oncology are increasing in complexity. Agents such as the purine analogues and monoclonal antibodies may introduce a new spectrum of infection as a consequence of prolonged/profound lymphoid suppression. The use of high dose therapy with stem cells support is increasing rapidly in clinical practice. Allogeneic transplantation is associated with prolonged immunosuppression and a high potential for transplant-related mortality from infection. This has led to intense interest in strategies aimed at improved prophylaxis and treatment of infective complications. This review aims to summarize recent advances in haematological practice and the effect this has had on opportunistic infections.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A disturbing trend in evolution for sometime has culminated in the fact that resistant Gram-positive bacteria including enterococci and staphylococci have emerged as the leading pathogens at many transplant centers. Recently published reports have highlighted the formidable challenge such antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms now pose in transplant recipients. Studies published within the past year have documented the clinical relevance of human herpesvirus-6 after transplantation, as well as the transmission of human herpesvirus-8 by transplanted allograft and the subsequent development of Kaposi's sarcoma in these patients. A novel hepatitis virus has been discovered; studies to elucidate its significance in the transplant setting are underway.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID