ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The subject of bacterial skin infection in the tropics has shown some significant advances in the past few years, although it is still relatively understudied. Of special interest is the emerging concern about the public health aspects of pyoderma, either primary or secondary to scabies, in developing countries. In addition, certain more unusual agents, such asBacillus anthracisandCorynebacterium diphtheriae, continue to cause significant problems in some areas, while incidence of other tropical diseases, such as endemic treponematoses, has largely dropped.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Necrotizing fasciitis continues to occur due to beta-haemolytic streptococci but is now also recognized as being due toVibriospp. in fishermen and those in contact with warm water in the Gulf of Mexico and South-East Asia, including Hong Kong. Magnetic resonance image scanning has identified the extent of fasciitis and soft tissue oedema infiltrating fascial planes prior to necrosis presenting clinically and is a useful tool in early diagnosis. Surgical debridement or incisional drainage remains essential. An enhanced bactericidal response against beta-haemolytic streptococci has been found with a combination of penicillin and clindamycin. Intravenous immunoglobulin has been shown to reduce mortality if the necrotizing fasciitis is associated with the toxic shock syndrome, by decreasing the superantigen activity of the beta-haemolytic streptococci on cytokine release by T cells.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Lyme borreliosis is a fascinating disease, the aetiopathology of which is not yet completely known. Different subspecies ofBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato are responsible for the variable clinical course of the disease. Some new cutaneous (alopecia) and ocular (photophobia and retinal vasculitis) manisfestations have been described and the largest prospective study on erythema migrans during pregnancy was published during the last year. Optimal therapy of Lyme borreliosis is still lacking, but doxycycline, amoxicillin, penicillin, and ceftriaxone are recommended most frequently.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review will summarize what is known about natural T-cell responses to human papillomavirus infections, including potential mechanisms for their dysregulation which may lead to the development of disease. We will also describe new strategies to enhance human papillomavirus specific T-cell responses following vaccination that are currently in development and recent reports on human vaccine trials with particular regard to the generation of appropriate T-cell responses.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although first reported more than a century ago, sporotrichosis, causedby Sporothrix schenckii, still remains a poorly studied disease. Results from recently published studies on sporotrichosis in endemic areas are summarised and assembled with previous findings, providing a comprehensive review that highlights the needs for further research.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is an urgent need for a safe, effective, easily administered and cheap treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Unfortunately it remains elusive. There have been a number of contributions during the last year, but none will change present day management. The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis is established on the basis of a typical lesion, a history of exposure and demonstration of the parasite. Molecular methods, usually based on kinetoplast DNA, are being developed and used increasingly to diagnose and type the infecting organism. Pentavalent antimonials remain the mainstay of treatment.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Lymphatic filariasis is recognized as one of the world's most disabling diseases. Adult lymphatic filarial nematodes live for several years; they infest the lymphatic and blood systems, and are transmitted via mosquito vectors. Acute and chronic disease can develop, manifesting as acute inflammation, hydrocoele, lymphoedema and elephantiasis. The development of a global programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (focusing on disease caused byWuchereria bancrofti) followed a resolution by the World Health Assembly in 1997 that endemic countries should develop programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. This developed from an earlier recommendation by the International Task Force for Disease Eradication in 1993 that lymphatic filariasis was one of six diseases that could, in theory, be eradicated. Herein we review the current status and future prospects of the Global Lymphatic Filariasis Programme, which was launched in 2000.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics examines the relationship between the pharmacokinetics of a drug over time and its treatment effect. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters have been shown to be predictors of the antimicrobial activity of a variety of drugs. The pharmacodynamic parameter linked to efficacy has been demonstrated to vary for different antimicrobial classes. Within an antimicrobial class, the magnitude of the pharmacodynamic parameter predictive of efficacy has been shown to be similar, as long as free-drug levels in serum are considered. Treatment outcome predictions based upon parameter magnitudes have correlated well and have been useful for assessing the future course of both susceptible and resistant pathogens of the respiratory tract. This has been useful for the development of susceptibility breakpoints and antimicrobial treatment guidelines. Recent studies have begun to investigate the relationship between antimicrobial pharmacodynamics and the prevention of drug resistance.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID