ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The practice of using antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery has evolved greatly in the past 20 years. Improvements in the timing of initial administration, the appropriate choice of antibiotic agents in each clinical setting, and the limitation of the duration of administration have defined more clearly the value of this technique in reducing postoperative wound infections

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The lactone ring of the macrolide antibiotics used in humans comprises 13 or 15 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. In azalides the lactone ring also has a nitrogen atom. This additional constituent is considered to have some bearing on the enhanced activity of azalides compared with macrolides against some Gram-negative species. It may also affect the pharmacological properties of azithromycin, such as the prolonged half-life and the high concentration in mammalian cells. Because the nitrogen atom position in the lactone ring is thought to be important in the production of gastric hyperactivity by 14-membered macrolides, it is possible that the side effects may also be different in azalides

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The armamentarium against severe mycoses was recently enriched with the triazole antifungals. The ease of administration and the favorable toxicity profile, coupled with increasing evidence of therapeutic efficacy against a broad spectrum of fungal organisms, make fluconazole and itraconazole valuable agents in the management of fungal infections. Fluconazole prevents superficial and invasive mycoses in patients at risk, and recent studies have proved its efficacy in the treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcosis. Itraconazole has activity against Aspergillus and is useful in suppressing disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. The positive impact of the new triazoles in the outcome of patients with, or at risk of, fungal infections is clearly shown from available data. Results of ongoing and future clinical trials will better determine their indications and their optimal dose schedules

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The treatment of histoplasmosis is complicated by the need for lengthy courses of antifungal therapy and has been particularly challenging in patients with AIDS, who require lifelong suppressive therapy. Information concerning the use of the newer triazole agents has shown these agents to be beneficial in patients with chronic pulmonary and disseminated histoplasmosis. Itraconazole has been shown to be effective for induction therapy as well as chronic suppressive therapy in patients with disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS. Studies using these agents have not included patients with severe or life-threatening histoplasmosis infections, and for these patients amphotericin B remains the treatment of choice. Areas of ongoing research include the prevention of histoplasmosis in AIDS patients and the use of alternative lipid preparations of amphotericin B for severe histoplasmosis

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Drug-resistant H3N2 subtype influenza A viruses have emerged during rimantadine treatment of uncomplicated influenza in children and adults. Illness due to the apparent transmission of resistant viruses and the associated failures of drug prophylaxis have occurred in household contacts receiving rimantadine and nursing-home residents receiving amantadine. However, treatment is accompanied by clinical benefits, despite the recovery of resistant viruses from some treated patients. The available data indicate that the risks of resistant viruses emerging do not outweigh the documented benefits of drug prophylaxis and therapy in most circumstances

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The past year has seen the unfortunate and tragic outcome of the fialuridine clinical trials, which left five patients dead and raised many questions regarding future development of nucleoside analogs for treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. Still, from this class of drugs, which remain by far the mainstay for treatment of both RNA and DNA infections, have emerged novel derivatives that appear very promising against the hepatitis B virus. In particular, a novel generation of nucleosides with an unnatural configuration should provide the expected selectivity of safe and efficacious antiviral therapies

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID