ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Malaria threatens almost half the world's population. Athough a concerted worldwide effort might control this disease, the reality is that inadequate and ineffective laboratory diagnosis and treatment conspire in the yearly deaths of 2,000,000 children from malaria. The failure to institute and implement safeguards to maintain the efficacy of new antimalarial drugs is likely to accelerate the emergence of untreatable malaria, creating an ominous parallel to tuberculosis. There is hope. Field expedient, simple and affordable malaria diagnostics are at hand. Artemisinin derivatives remain surprisingly effective against the multiply drug-resistant falciparum malaria of southeast Asia, despite the widespread and unregulated use of these agents. Human trials have begun of WR238605, a promising primaquine replacement that has prophylactic, treatment and transmission-blocking potential. After demonstrating unprecedented protection against homologous challenge, RTS, S, a new sporozite-based malaria vacccine candidate, is now in field trials.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Advances in microbial genomic sequencing have the potential to revolutionize the control of infectious diseases. Recently, a consortium of researchers and finding agencies from the United States and Great Britain have embarked on a project to sequence the genome fromPlasmodium falciparumthe most important cause of human malaria. The Malaria Genome Sequencing Project has reached an important milestone with the completion of the entire DNA sequence and annotation of chromosome 2, a 950 kilobase chromosome ofPlasmodium falciparumThis review article will provide an overview of the malaria genome sequencing project, highlight progress in the field of microbial sequencing, and suggest new directions for future malaria research.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There has been a rapid increase in the understanding of the mechanisms wherebyLeishmaniainfects mammalian hosts and evades the immune response. This, in turnm is driving the search for vaccines against leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is an infection in which the dichotomy between cellular (T-helper cell type 1) and humoral (T-helper cell type 2) responses is clearly characterized in murine models, but is unclear in humans. The diagnosis of infection may be improved by use of the polymerase chain reaction and by serology using a recombinant antigen, K39. The therapeutic choice in visceral leishmaniasis is aidedi by recent studies of the lipid-associated amphotericin B drugs and aminosidine (paramomycin). Unfortunately, inerferon-gamma, allopurinol, and topical aminosidine are all less effective treatments than was originally thought.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review reports on recent developments in the areas of diagnosis, chemtherapy and pathology, where female genital schistosomiasis was recently identified as a common cause of morbidity inSchistosoma haematobium-endemic areas. As a profound understanding of processes underlying resistance and susceptibility to infection as well as pathology is central to shistosomiasis control, detailed immunological studies of immunity and granuloma formation dominate the discussion. Studies on host genetics, on T-helper cell type 1 or 2 cytokines as well as on cell types influencing immunity and granuloma fomation have provided precise information that could be of relevance not only to helminth but also to microbial infections involving granulomatous reactions.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This section should be of particular interest to the travel medicine physician as it reports many new manifestions of exotic viral infections, both in terms of new clinical expressions or extension to new geographical territory. Included are descriptons of improved diagnostic methodologies for arboviral diseases, a discussion of safety issues involving a licensed travel medicine vaccine and a randomized placebo-cotrolled trial of a drug widely prescribe to reduce vascular permeability in dengue hemorrhagic fever.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three hundred million individuals worldwide have persistent hepatitis B virus infection with 1–2 million hepatitis B Virus-associated deaths per year, and an estimated 1% of the world's population are infected with hepatitis C virus. Recent advances in molecular biology and host responses have led to an increased understanding of hepatitis B and C virus disease and new potential targets for therapy.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There are many viruses infecting the human gut: some are found to cause acute gastroenteritis regularly (although not always) like rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses, small round structured viruses and astroviruses; others enter the host via the gut and most often cause systemic infection (enteroviruses, parvoviruses); and other are not regularly associated with human disease (reoviruses, viruses of theCoronaviridaefamily). The human gut can also be infected directly by HIV and, as a consequence of immunosuppression, by viruses of theHerpesviridaefamily. Most remarkable during the last one to two years were the following results; increasing evidence that a tetravalent rhesus rotavirus-based vaccine can prevent severe disease after natural human rotavirus infectoin bringing this candidate close to approval by the Food and Drug Administration, USA; better, although not complete, understanding of correlates of protection from rotavirus infection; and fuller comprehension of the genomic and antigenic diversity of viruses of theCaliciviridaefamily infecting man. There is still no proficient tissue culture system for the human gut. Except against rotaviruses, there are no vaccine candidates against human enteric viruses.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Bacterial enteric infections are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and many challenges lie ahead in understanding and managing these conditions.Clostridium difficileremains the most important nosocomial infection. Antibiotic resistance makes the treatment of shigella infections increasingly difficult. Molecular and cellular techniques are, however, rapidly expanding our understanding of the complexity of the pathogenesis of established and newly recognized pathogens.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Enteric fever continues to be a common and serious problem worldwide, and the need for reliable and cheap alternatives to culture methods for diagnosis remains. Epidemics of different strains may coexist in the same geographical area and the rapid emergence of resistance to fluroquinolones, independent of plasmid mediated multidrug resistance, means that alternative drugs for chemotherapy are also needed.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID