摘要:

Abstract.The approval of Fluosol, a fluorocarbon emulsion for oxygenating the myocardium during the transluminal coronary angioplasty procedure, is a landmark in the field of injectable oxygen carriers, the so‐called blood substitutes. This review discusses the advances made since this first emulsion was initially developed about 12 years ago. Attention is focused on the progress achieved in the preparation and selection of new, better‐defined and faster‐excreted fluorocarbons, and better surfactants, improved emulsions, knowledge of structure/property relationships along with an improved understanding of the physiologic response to their administration. These advances have led to the development of a second generation of highly concentrated, fluid and stable injectable oxygen carriers suitable for a broad range of clinical applications. Prospects for further progress and future generations of emulsions are also out

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The risk of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis transmission by an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparation was assessed in a prospective multicenter trial in 68 patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (40 children or adolescents and 28 adults). During the 4‐week prestudy evaluation period the clinical examinations and liver function tests including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were normal in all patients. The treatment consisted of three infusions of 200 mg IVIG (pH 4; pepsin procedure) per kilogram body weight at 2‐week intervals. During the observation period of 24 weeks following the first infusion of the study IVIG, the patients were monitored at regular time intervals. No clinical and laboratory signs of hepatitis or liver dysfunction were noticed. All patients completed the study. In 5 patients, one isolated alanine aminotransferase value and in another patient one γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase value were moderately elevated, but always below 2.5 times the upper limit of the reference range. Similar isolated and transient elevations were observed for aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. It was concluded that the IVIG preparation did not transmit non‐A, non‐B hepatitis or other vir

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Seven patients with hemophilia A and B and 3 patients with acquired hemophilia were treated on 13 and 4 occasions, respectively, with protein A immunoadsorption to reduce anti‐factor VIII or IX antibodies. Usually the patients were treated on 2 consecutive days. On each treatment day an average of 3 (range: 1.02–5.83) plasma volumes were processed in the congenital patients and 1.5 (range: 1.02–2.90) in those with acquired hemophilia. Plasma levels of IgG decreased from 18.9±1.9 to 3.1±1.2 g/l in the congenital group, and from 11.5±2.3 to 2.3±0.6 g/l in the acquired group. In the congenital hemophiliacs a corresponding reduction in inhibitor level of 70–95% was regularly seen; in 1 exceptional patient the inhibitor was reduced from 4,350 to 12 Bethesda Units/ml (BU/ml) during 5 days of treatment. In the congenital hemophiliacs immunoadsorption was followed by factor infusion to peak levels between 8 and 215 IU/dl. In the patients with acquired hemophilia a satisfactory reduction in inhibitor levels was obtained in 2 of the 4 treatments, which were followed by DDAVP or factor infusion. Some recommendations for the use of protein A immunoadsorption in the treatment of hemophilic patients wi

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The intention to replace polyclonal IgG anti‐D with human monoclonal antibody in the prophylaxis of haemolytic disease of the newborn requires knowledge concerning the relative content of IgGl and IgG3 anti‐D in prophylactic IgG preparations that are in present use. This has been carried out using a functional assay in which the absolute amount of IgGl and IgG3 anti‐D present on red cells was determined after incubation with IgG preparations. The assay was carried out by flow cytometry on 17 samples; expressed as a percentage of the total, the average value for the amount of IgG3 anti‐D on the cells was 8% (range 1–18%). Similar measurements were also made on the anti‐D present in 18 samples of antisera; IgG3 anti‐D formed a larger fraction of the total, the average value being 17% (range 0–60%) confirming previously reported estimates. It is suggested that some of the low values found for IgG3 in IgG preparations may be due do preferential loss du

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an immunized patient were transformed with Epstein‐Barr virus and then fused with P3X63Ag8mouse myeloma cells by polyethylene glycol. After the cloning, a hybridoma cell line secreting specific anti‐Jkbmonoclonal antibody was isolated. The antibody was produced in supernatant form and tested for its use as a blood grouping reag

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The need of fresh‐frozen donor plasma with a low level of anti‐T has been emphasized recently. Anti‐T, as administered by transfusion of fresh‐frozen plasma, has been accused repeatedly of enhancing hemolysis in septic children with T transformation of red cells. Therefore, a new hemolysis test for the quantification of anti‐T in human serum has been developed. With our test, anti‐T‐poor plasma donors can be found. Additional results raise substantial doubt as to the pathogenetic role of anti‐T in the development of the hemolytic‐uremic syndrome, found in septic children with red‐cell T transformation. It is impossible to predict in vivo hemolysis induced by anti‐T knowing the temperature characteristics and the ionic conditions causing this antibody to mediate hemolysis in vitro. Obviously, T transformation itself plays the major pathogenetic role in these patients, and not the presence of anti‐T. In the case of disseminated intravascular coagulation, a content of anti‐T cannot be construed as prohibiting transfusion of fresh‐fro

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Blood group A antigen density on red blood cells (RBC) was studied using flow cytometry (FCM) and fluoresceinated polyclonal and monoclonal IgG anti‐A antisera. Agglutination was a problem, which could only be solved by prefixation of the RBC with glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde. However, this treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the number of antigen sites as compared to the native (i.e. nonfixed) RBC. Two major new findings came out of this study: (1) A antigen density on native RBC seems to be higher than previously recognized, and (2) A antigen density distribution is probably non‐Gaussian. The absolute number of A antigen sites was determined, using a human polyclonal IgG antiserum and commercially available absolute fluorescence standards. The site numbers on fixed RBC were comparable to those found by earlier radioimmunological studies (× 106/RBC): A1, 1.07 ± 0.28; A2,0.21 ± 0.09; A1B, 0.79 ± 0.26 sites (mean ± SD). The values found for native RBC were considerably higher (× 106/RBC): A1, 2.86 ± 0.95; A2,0.47 ± 0.29; A1B, 1.98 ± 0.58 sites (mean ± SD). With the 1 monoclonal and the 3 polyclonal antisera used in this study, and in contrast to Rh D, the erythrocytic A antigen density distribution of a given sample is highly asymmetrical. This non‐Gaussian distribution profile does not seem to be affected by such factors as antibody heterogeneity, variability in antibody fluoresceination range, RBC density and reticulocyte content. This suggests that the asymmetrical A antigen distribution may be an intrinsic property of the

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Family studies have provided the final piece of evidence for the assignment of Auberger to the Lutheran blood group system. Lods derived from combined paternal and maternal meioses (ẑ = 10.83 at ô=0.00) strongly support the contention that a single gene controls the expression of both Au and LU antigens. Consequently, the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Terminology has designated Auaand Aubas LU18 and LU19, respectivel

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY