摘要:

AbstractBlood transfusion is used as a life‐saving and prophylactic treatment in sickle cell disease. Despite the many complications associated with its use, few randomised controlled trials and careful research studies have been performed to fully define its role. This subjects is, therefore, discussed in the context of the current literature and authors' experienc

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb03916.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe in vitro effects of storage of platelets prepared from 4 or 6 pooled buffy coat (BC) units and stored in a platelet storage medium consisting of 30–40% of CPD plasma or alternatively half‐strength citrate CPD (0.5 CPD) plasma and 60–70% of different alternative platelet additive solutions (PASs) were evaluated. Measurements of mean platelet volume, pH, pO2, pCO2, bicarbonate, glucose, lactate, ATP, total adenine nucleotide content, extracellular lactate dehydrogenase or adenylate kinase activity, as markers for disintegration of platelets, and extracellular β‐thromboglobulin, as a marker for activation of platelets, were included in the in vitro studies. Previous studies indicated that a reduction of the citrate concentration from the standard 21 to 8 mmol/l is associated with a significant reduction of the consumption of glucose and production of lactate. Alternatively, similar effects can be obtained by the addition of acetate. In a preliminary paired study, the effects of different concentrations of acetate were tested. In an additional paired study, the effects of CPD plasma in combination with either saline or a PAS containing NaCl (115.5 mmol/l), citrate (10 mmol/l), and acetate (30 mmol/l), pH 7.2 (PAS‐2) were evaluated. 0.5CPD plasma in combination with either PAS‐2 or a nonacetate PAS (PAS‐1) were also tested. The storage of platelets in 0.5CPD plasma was used as a reference. The conclusions are: (1) A minimum acetate concentration of 30 mmol/l is needed to counteract the effects of citrate on the production of lactate. (2) pH and the bicarbonate buffering capacity are significantly better maintained in PAS‐2 than in PAS‐1. With PAS‐2, a significantly lower consumption of glucose and a significantly lower production of lactate are also observed. (3) When the storage period exceeds 5 days, PAS‐2 is superior to saline as plasma diluent with regard to the maintenance of pH. (4) A significantly lower consumption of glucose was noted in 0.5CPD plasma diluted with PAS‐2 as compared to undiluted 0.5CPD plasma. A significantly better maintenance of bicarbonate buffering capacity was also seen. (5) By comparing PAS‐2 in combination with either CPD or 0.5CPD, significantly lower values for pCO2and consumption of glucose were observed with 0.5CPD. The levels of pH and pO2are significantly higher with 0.5CPD. We conclude that PAS‐2 during 9‐day storage is associated with the most stable storage conditions with regard to the in vitro variables used in this study. The results suggest that at least 7 days storage of PCs in a medium consisting of 30% of either standard CPD or 0.5CPD pl

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb03917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlatelet concentrates (PCs) were prepared from single buffy coats derived from fresh blood and from blood units stored overnight, as well as from buffy coats that were stored overnight. The platelet yield from overnight‐stored buffy coats was similar to that of fresh blood or overnight‐stored blood. PCs were stored at 20–24°C and on day 5 of storage, platelet aggregation with ADP was tested both at 37 and 25°C. Stored platelets aggregated better at 25°C than 37°C. The maximal aggregation (10 μM ADP) of stored platelets from overnight‐stored buffy coats was 46±23% (n = 30), while that of stored platelets prepared either from fresh or overnight‐stored blood was 27±21% (n = 29) and 22±15% (n = 29), respectively. Extracellular lactate dehydrogenase and ammonia levels, as well as elastase activity were similar in stored PCs of different origin. Our conclusion is that PCs prepared from overnight‐stored buffy coat might also be suitable for storage and clinical use. In vivo studies are needed to c

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb03918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPosttransfusion graft‐versus‐host disease (PTGVHD) is known to develop in immunocompetent patients exhibiting clinical symptoms such as erythroderma, fever, liver dysfunction, diarrhea and pancytopenia. It is speculated that transfused blood donors' lymphocytes might recognize the recipients' HLAs as alloantigens. The thus stimulated lymphocytes might proliferate, expand and finally attack the host's immune system or tissues. However, details regarding these expanded donor cells such as: (1) whether they represent one clone or more, (2) the composition of lymphocyte subsets, and (3) the target HLA antigens of recipients, are not clear, since T‐cell lines derived from PTGVHD patients have not yet been obtained. The aim of this study is to characterize T‐cells responsible for PTGVHD and to identify their target molecules. For that purpose, we attempted to establish T‐cell lines derived from a PTGVHD patient. We show that the established T‐cell line, proven to be derived from donor lymphocytes, showed a CD4+ phenotype and had cytotoxic activities. Furthermore, we describe that the target of the cytotoxic T‐cell line (CTL) is an HLA‐DRBl*0405‐related molecu

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb03919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb03920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera containing anti‐D, taken from 44 RhD‐negative women with RhD‐positive infants, were tested in antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and monocyte monolayer assays (MMA) which used similar target and effector cell populations. In addition, the anti‐D concentration was measured in the Auto Analyzer and the number of IgG1 and IgG3 anti‐D molecules bound to the target red cells was measured by flow cytometry. The results of the functional assays and AutoAnalyzer quantitation were examined for correlation with IgG subclass quantitation and all results were compared for their ability to predict the severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). ADCC correctly predicted HDN in 39/44 (88.6%) cases, AutoAnalyzer quantitation in 35/44 (79.5%) and the MMA in 32/44 (72.7%). For all three assays, the number of correct predictions was highest when the maternal serum contained both IgG1 and IgG3 anti‐D. ADCC activity and HDN were correlated with the number of cell‐bound IgG1 molecules (r≥0.58), but MMA activity was most closely correlated with the number of cell‐bound IgG3 molecules (r = 0.68). Hence the superior predictive value of ADCC is due to its ability to reflect the IgG1 component of maternal anti‐D, which has a better correlation than IgG3 anti‐D w

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb03921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb03922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTen red cell samples lacking the high incidence Gyaantigen were found to have the previously undescribed Do(a‐b‐) phenotype. Fifteen Hy‐ red cell samples were Do(a‐b+) with weak expression of Doband 6 Jo(a‐) red cell samples were Do(a+) with weak expression of Doa. Five of the 6 Jo(a‐) samples had extremely weak expression of Dob. The sixth Jo(a‐) was Do(b‐). Immune precipitates were prepared from radio‐iodinated antigen‐positive red cells with anti‐Gya, ‐Hy, ‐Doaand Dob. Immunoblotting of these immune precipitates with affinity‐purified anti‐Gyaand anti‐Dobunder non‐reducing conditions revealed similar broadly migrating bands of Mr48,700–59,750, suggesting that the Doaand Dobantigens are carried on the same glycoprotein as Gyaand Hy. The phenotypically associated high incidence Joaantigen has previously been shown to reside on the Gya/ Hy glycoprotein. Enzyme‐treated and chemically modified red cells tested with anti‐Doa, ‐Dob, ‐Gya, ‐Hy and ‐Joagave the same pattern of reactivity. We propose that Gya, Hy and Joabecome part of the Dombrock blood group system and that, henceforth, the Gya/Hy‐active glycoprotein be renamed the Dombrock‐active glycoprotein. The Gy(a‐) Hy‐ Jo(a‐) phenotype co

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb03923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProduction of murine monoclonal antibodies to the low prevalence MNS antigen Henshaw (He; MNS6) has enabled more detailed study of this antigen. Using these directly hemagglutinating anti‐He, red blood cells (RBCs) from 1695 people of African origin were screened in the USA and England. The prevalence of He+ samples among these donors was 2.1%. In Natal, blood samples from 1218 black donors were screened with rabbit anti‐He. The prevalence of He+ donors in this population was 7.0%. Immunoblotting confirmed that the He antigen is carried on an erythrocyte membrane component with a molecular mass that is indistinguishable from glycophorin B. Hemagglutination and immunoblotting demonstrated that ten of 56 He+ samples tested more extensively had a reduced expression of the He antigen. The majority of He+ RBCs were S+; those He+ RBC samples that were S‐s+ more frequently had a weakened expression

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb03924.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigation of a mild case of hemolytic disease of the newborn has led to recognition of a ‘new’ low‐incidence red cell antigen, WARR (ISBT No. 700.55). Data gleaned from two kindreds, both with Native American heritage, exclude WARR from the MNS, Lutheran, Lewis, Duffy, Kidd, Xg, Chido/Rodgers, Kx and Gerbich blood group systems. Serologic or genetic evidence suggests it is not part of the Kell or Yt sy

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb03925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY