摘要:

Abstract.Platelet concentrates from 290 healthy donors collected in CPD anticoagulant and PL‐146 polyvinylchloride containers were stored for 72 h at 22±0.5°C under standard conditions to investigate variables affecting the quality of stored platelets. In addition to the expected inverse relationship between pH and platelet count (p<0.001), a significant inverse correlation between pH and white blood cell count (WBC) was also noted (p<0.01). Platelets from female donors developed a lower pH than those from male donors; this difference could not be accounted for by any of the variables analyzed other than sex. To investigate the relationship between WBC and pH further, 15 units of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) were depleted of WBCs by slow centrifugation prior to being stored for 3 days. This resulted in a mean loss of 10% of the platelets and 75% of the WBCs. The average post‐storage pH of the 15 WBC‐poor concentrates (7.06 ± 0.02) was significantly higher than that of routinely prepared concentrates containing the same number of platelets (6.54 ± 0.43) (p<0.001). Production of lactic acid and consumption of glucose was markedly diminished in leukocyte‐poor concentrates. These data suggest that WBCs significantly affect the metabolic activity of platelet concentrates and that the quality of stored platelets can be improved by reducing the number of contaminating leukocytes. Measurement of leukocytes may be important in quality control of platelet

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Platelet concentrates were produced by buffy coat and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) techniques. In vitro reactions of platelets were compared within 4 h of processing and even after 1 day of storage at room temperature. The only striking difference was between aggregation properties: platelets produced by the buffy coat technique showed increased aggregation. Red cell contamination is substantial in PRP technology. The two platelet‐processing techniques are considered to be practically similar from a biological point of v

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Utilizing a unique human plasma sample that contained extremely high concentrations of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), we were able in the laboratory to rapidly screen the binding efficiency for HBsAg of various ion‐exchange resins that can be used to purify gamma globulin product from human plasma. ‘Nonrigid’ resins like QAE‐Sephadex and DEAE‐Sephadex showed a high affinity for HBsAg by removing greater than 104of applied challenge. Much lower binding was achieved by ‘rigid’ resins like DEAE‐Sepharose CL‐6B and DEAE‐Spherodex. Also examined were the usefulness of certain auxiliary procedures, special filters and resins, that offer the potential to remove HBsAg. We failed to find any significant removal of the HBsAg, and in some cases large losses of the gamma globulin product occurred. While encouraged by our findings, certain precautions are discussed concerning the conversion from large‐scale production of gamma globulin by the conventional alcohol method to one utilizing chrom

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The second example of anti‐Fl cold agglutinins recognizing a developmentally regulated antigen like I is described. The antibody occurred transiently and simultaneously together with an anti‐I cold agglutinin. Although anti‐Fl and anti‐I specificities are entirely different, the data on the biochemistry of Fl and I antigenic determinants provide an explanation for the simultaneous occurrence of anti‐Fl and anti‐I cold agglutinins in connection with a poly‐ or oligoclonal autoim

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The amount of antibody bound to cells in a low ionic strength solution (LISS) has been quantitated for several antibodies including anti‐D, anti‐c̄, anti‐Kell, anti‐Fya, and anti‐Jka. With the exception of the Kell antibodies there was an enhancement of the rate of antibody uptake in LISS. For Rh antibodies the amount bound after a 5‐min LISS incubation is comparable to that bound after 45 min in saline. For Kell antibodies a smaller amount was bound in LISS than in saline. The effect of the ratio of serum to cells was also studied, and with several antibodies there was an increase in the amount of antibody bound with a higher serum to cell ratio irrespective of suspending medium. For Kell antibodies this ratio appears to be of greater importance than the ionic strength for antibody detection. A modification to the LISS method to increase the serum to cell ratio is, therefor

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A glucose‐dependent hemagglutinin, present in the serum of an apparently healthy donor, is shown to be a polyclonal IgM immunoglobulin with specificity for β‐D‐glucopyranose configuration. The antibody did not agglutinate erythrocytes coated with hexoses differing from glucose at C2, C3, or C4 positions or lacking the primary alcohol group at C6 position. The hemagglutination reaction, quantitated in a continuous flow system, was inhibited by the addition of 6‐deoxyglucose, 5‐thioglucose, 2‐deoxyglucose, 2‐aminoglucose or 3–0 methylglucose.D‐glucose, in β‐ but not in α‐configuration, attached by a glycosidic bond to another glucose or to an aglycone, was also inhibitory. A cross‐reactivity was demonstrated between glucose and 6‐deoxyglucose by antibody absorption and elution techniques. The donor's serum contained independent antibodies that reacted with erythrocytes coated with melibiose, gentiobiose, cellobiose, or N‐acetylmannosamine. Further investigation revealed that antibodies are present in sera of all normal adults against erythrocytes coated with melibiose and N‐acetylmannosamine and with high frequency against erythrocytes coated with gentiobiose,L‐rhamnose, cellobiose

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.IgG and IgM antibodies against several sugars have been characterized in sera of normal donors by passive hemagglutination and a quantitative hemagglutination inhibition test. These antibodies distinguish between the equatorial and axial OH groups at C2, C3, or C4 positions of the glycopyranose configuration, differences between the anomers, linkage types, changes in the primary alcohol group at C6, and OH substitution. In the examples of antibodies to mannose, galactose, and glucose investigated, specificities were usually directed against the β‐anomers. In disaccharides, the antibodies appeared to react only with 1 of the 2 sugar subunits, but unlike monosaccharides, the glycosidic linkages also seemed to be a part of the reaction site. Thus, the reacting moiety in gentiobiose was β‐D‐glucopyra‐nosyl with 1→6 linkage, in cellobiose was β‐D‐glucopyranosyl with 1→4 linkage, in melibiose was α‐D‐galactopyranosyl with 1→6 linkage, and in lactose the reaction was directed against β‐D‐galactopyranosyl with 1→4 linkage. In the maltose‐dependent hemagglutination, α‐D‐glucose appeared to be the main reaction site. ManNAc exemplified the specificity determined by OH group substitution. Antibody toD‐Fucose represented example of specificity evolving

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.An enzyme‐linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) using low ionic strength saline for the initial red cell sensitisation phase, and alkaline phosphatase conjugated antiglobulin (AP‐AHG), has been compared with a conventional low ionic strength antiglobulin test in testing 222 red cell antibodies of various specificities. A wide variation in absorbance values was observed at all levels of haemagglutination strength. Relatively higher absorbance values were obtained with anti‐K compared with the agglutination gradings. Haemolysis was eliminated by modifying the substrate buffer used for diluting the AP‐AHG, since fixation of red cells prior to sensitisation significantly reduced the sensitivity of the ELAT. Five commercial AP‐AHG reagents compared in tests with D, Fya, K and Jkaantibodies varied markedly in performance, some being unsatisfactory. The ELAT can be effectively used for antibody detection as well as quantitative determinations but requires automation to realise its full

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A patient who shows two populations of RBC, differing in their Rh and Fy antigens, was investigated but no other sign of chimerism or mosaicism in a variety of other antigenic systems, including serum and enzyme polymorphisms and HLA antigens, was observed. His karyotype, as investigated on lymphocyte and fibroblast cultures, was normal. Possible explanations of the observed phenomenon are discussed.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Random typing of donor units revealed a donor whose red blood cells gave very weak reactions with all anti‐Kell (anti‐K1) antisera. All other Kell‐system antigens (including Kx) and antigens of other red‐cell systems tested were normal. This weak K1 antigen was present in four generations of the donor's family. The red‐cell morphology is normal in all family members with the weakened K1 antigen. A consistent hypothesis is that the weak antigen is inherited through a variant allele at the Kell locus and represents a quantitative, not a qualitativ

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY