ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe audited 281 consecutive orthopedic patients scheduled for surgery for whom blood type/cross‐matching was requested over a 6‐month period. One hundred and sixty‐two patients predonated autologous blood at University Hospitals of Cleveland, and 34 (21%) of these were anemic [hematocrit (Hct) ≤39%] at initial donation. Twelve (35%) of these 34 anemic autologous blood donors subsequently received homologous blood. In contrast, 18 (15%) of 128 nonanemic autologous blood donors received homologous blood (p = 0.05). In 119 patients who did not donate autologous blood, 39 (33%) were anemic at admission. Of these, 22 (56%) received homologous blood. In the 80 remaining nonanemic patients, 33 (41%) received homologous blood (p = 0.119). Analysis of discharge Hct indicates that 31 (12%) of 263 evaluable patients were possibly transfused inappropriately. The anemias of a cohort of 30 autologous donors were analyzed: 5 had rheumatoid arthritis without iron deficiency. Nine (30%) others had evidence of iron deficiency. Sixteen (53%) had an unclassified anemia of chronic disease. We conclude: (1) the high rates of homologous blood exposure indicate a need for innovative blood conservation strategies in anemic autologous blood donors; (2) the prevalence of anemia and the high rates of homologous blood exposure in anemic patients who did not donate autologous blood demonstrate a need for early recognition and treatment in order to procure autologous blood and reduce homologous blood exposure; (3) the presence of inappropriate autologous and homologous transfusions demonstrates a need for more effective physician education programs that emphasize ‘no blood transfusion’ as an alternative to enhance blood conservation ef

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAutologous blood donation in many nonorthopaedic procedures is controversial. Our study of 408 consecutive such procedures could be divided into two groups. In group I, the anticipated probability for homologous blood transfusion was very low (5%): open heart and vascular surgery, neurosurgery, mastectomy, abdominal and radical hysterectomy, and extensive urologic procedures. We conclude that for procedures in which the blood transfusion probability is very low, autologous blood donation should not be encouraged; this practice should be promoted in procedures in which the blood transfusion probability is ‘high’ (i.e. greater than 5%), with emphasis on maximizing autologous blood collection in order to minimize homologous blood transfus

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRequirements for HLA ot otherwise matched single‐donor platelets may sometimes require repeat plateletpheresis of an individual donor. AABB standards permit the repeat collection of platelets by plateletpheresis of a single donor at 48‐hour intervals, whereas recent recommendations from England state that a donor should not donate platelets more often than 12 times a year. To assess the effects of repeat plateletpheresis on the donor, we have studied the hematological indices and the product yields following every other day plateletpheresis of 13 normal donors who gave a total of 10 times during 22 days. The platelet count decreased in every case, with the lowest values reached at the third donation (day 5). The pre‐donation count averaged 225±53 × 109/1 decreasing to 174±27 × 109/1 at the time of the 3rd donation then increasing by the 6th donation to 198±46 × 109/1. The yield in the product decreased from 3.2±1.3 × 1011on day 1 to 2.6±0.8 × 1011for the third donation, returning thereafter to higher values. In spite of the expected and apparent stimulation of platelet production through feedback, the counts did not rebound above starting levels indicating a basic homeostatic mechanism. The donor WBC showed minimal changes during the study period, however there was a significant increase in the total number of lymphocytes by the 3rd procedure; this was corrected by the fifth procedure. The absolute number and ratio of T4(helper) and T8(suppressor) lymphocytes did not change. The results show the relative safety and efficacy of repeat plateletpheresis procedures when a single donor is committed to a maintenance regime for a des

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was tested for in 294 blood units which had antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) as the isolated serological marker of HBV infection. After amplification by polymerase chain reaction, HBV DNA was detected in 12 (6.9%) of 175 units that were positive for anti‐HBc with hemagglutination inhibition titers ≧26, significantly more often than in none of 119 units with titers ≦25(p<0.01). These results indicate that the exclusion of blood units with isolated high‐titer anti‐HBc would be effective for further decreasing the risk of post‐transfusio

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifty‐three human anti‐D monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed a striking diversity of reactions in tests with panels of chimpanzee red blood cells (RBCs) of various R‐C‐E‐F blood group phenotypes (counterparts of the human Rh‐Hr groups). The reactivities of these antibodies, which depended on the agglutination technique used, could be classified into four main types. These patterns of reactivity of anti‐D mAbs with chimpanzee RBCs showed only limited correlation with types of reactions observed with human D variant RBCs. Primate red cells may, therefore, constitute an independent test system for subclassification of human monoclonal antibodies. Comparison of reactivities of human anti‐D mAbs with chimpanzee and human D variant RBCs confirms the homology between the chimpanzee Rc, and the human D antigens. The chimpanzee Rcshares with human D the epitopes epD5, epD6/7 and epD8, but lacks epitopes epD1, epD2, epD3 and epD4 of the Rh mosaic, thus resembling the human D vari

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe describe 2 patients with thrombocytopenia and autoantibodies in the blood against platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, in whom reactivity of the antibodies with their antigen was greatly diminished in the presence of sodium EDTA. One patient also showed a marked thrombocytopathy, suggesting a functional blocking of GP IIb/IIIa by these autoantibodies. These observations show that some immunologically important autoantibodies can easily be missed in routine serological investigations in which EDTA blood is used, obscuring the autoimmune nature of a thrombocytopenia and possibly of a thrombopathy as well.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe report an antibody (anti‐TSEN) that recognizes an antigen (TSEN) at the unique amino acid sequence that results from the junction of GPA58to GPB27if the GPB carries the S antigen. Red cells from several unrelated donors that possess this specific GP(A‐B) hybrid molecule were agglutinated by anti‐TSEN. Since a synthetic peptide with the amino acid sequence at this junction (Pro‐Glu‐Glu‐Glu‐Thr‐Gly‐Glu‐Met‐Gly‐Gln‐Leu‐Val‐His‐Arg) specifically inhibited anti‐TSEN, it must detect an antigen within this novel amino acid sequence. The TSEN antigen has been provisionally assigned the MNS blood group system number 002.033 on behalf of the ISBT Working Party on Terminol

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe report an antibody (anti‐MINY) that recognises a novel low‐incidence MNS‐related blood group antigen. Anti‐MINY agglutinates all Hil‐positive red cells tested (Mi.III, Mi.V, Mi.VI, GP.Kipp, GP.Mor and AG) and Hil‐negative, TSEN‐positive red cells (Mi.IV, JR, JL, Oca. and Rag.). All MINY‐positive red cells possess glycophorin A‐B hybrid molecules. The MINY antigen occurs at the unique amino acid sequence which results from the junction of glycophorin A58to glycophorin B27regardless of whether the glycophorin B gene encodes methionine or threonine at amino acid residue 29 of normal glycophorin B. The MINY antigen has been provisionally assigned the MNS blood group system number 002.034 on behalf of the ISBT Working Party on Terminology for Red Cell

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNeutrophils (PMNs) initiate production of toxic oxygen metabolites through stimulation of an NADPH oxidase resulting in the reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion (O2−). The activity of this enzyme system may be primed by a variety of compounds. This laboratory investigated the possibility that stored blood components may contain agents which prime the PMN oxidase. At the time of outdate, packed red blood cells, whole blood, and platelet concentrates contained a priming agent which enhanced the PMN NADPH oxidase activity in response to a soluble stimulus, formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Phe, by 2.1‐to 2.8‐fold. The priming activity was almost completely inhibited by WEB 2170, a specific platelet activating factor antagonist. Fresh plasma or fresh‐frozen plasma did not exhibit priming activity. These data suggest that platelet‐activating factor‐like compounds are generated during the storage of cellular blood components. The presence of these agents in stored blood may suggest a role for specific componds which prime PMNs and possibly mediate other effects which result in severe complications of tr

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY