摘要:

AbstractThe expression of the Rh antigen D varies quantitatively and qualitatively (partial D); published information and 15 years' work studying D variants are discussed in this review. D epitopes correspond to the reaction patterns of monoclonal anti‐D with partial D antigens. Partial D antigens can be reported in terms of their D epitopes but the epitope profile of cells with a quantitative variant of D (weak D) is difficult to determine reliably by haemagglutination tests. Nine partial D antigens, categories II‐VII, DFR and two not previously reported, are identified by their epitope profiles and by association with low incidence antigens. Monoclonal anti‐D recognize 16 D epitopes and more epitopes are anticipated. The specificities of polyclonal anti‐D made by people with partial D antigens are considered in terms of possible D epitope specificities: recognized epitope specificities, or combination thereof, were not able to account for all observed reaction patterns of anti‐D made by immunized individuals with partial D pheno‐types. An attempt is made to understand partial D antigens and their associated low incidence antigens in terms of the molecular genetic informatio

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring ex vivo processing of autologous bone marrow (BM) substantial loss of stem and progenitor cells should be avoided to achieve rapid and sustained hematopoietic reconstitution after high‐dose radio‐/chemotherapy. We processed 25 autologous BM grafts with the Fresenius AS 104 cell separator for cryopreservation and we determined recoveries for mononuclear cells (MNC) and colony‐forming units granulocyte‐macrophage (CFU‐GM) in the BM concentrates. To identify cell loss in BM fractions not cryopreserved, we investigated the MNC and CFU‐GM content of BM fat and BM blood. MNC and CFU‐GM recovery yielded a mean (± SEM) of 42±12 and 54±20% in the BM concentrate. BM fat showed a mean loss of 7±5% for MNC and 4±3% for CFU‐GM, BM blood 30 ±12% for MNC and 13±13% for CFU‐GM, respectively. CFU‐GM recovery was significantly higher in the BM concentrate of patients with hematologic malignancy (HM) compared with patients suffering from germ cell cancer (GCC): 66 ±21 vs. 43±12% (p0.5×109/1 at a mean of 14±6 days. We conclude that: (1) ex vivo processing of autologous BM with a mean recovery of 42% for MNC and 54% for CFU‐GM in the BM concentrate can result in a cell population capable of sustained hematopoietic reconstitution, (2) CFU‐GM recovery is significantly higher in patients with HM than in patients with GCC and (3) 37% MNC and 17% CFU‐GM represent in fact cell losses recovered from BM fractions not cryopreserved (BM fat, BM blood). Furthermore, it is likely that MNC and CFU‐GM not recovered from BM concentrate, BM fat and BM bloo

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAmong 47 blood donors tested positive with HCV EIA 2.0 Abbott, 27 (57.4%) also reacted with four ‘third‐generation’ EIAs. The presence of anti‐HCV antibodies was confirmed with 3 different immunoblot assays in 16 of 27 sera (34.0%) while 10 samples (21.3%) had indeterminate profile with antibodies usually directed against structural core antigen. Anti‐HCV core IgM response was found in 12 of 47 sera (25.5%) and HCV viremia detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was observed in 15 samples (31.9%). A comparative study of the different markers confirmed a good correlation between a strong antibody response in EIAs and immunoblot assays and the presence of HCV RNA in the serum; only 2 immunoblot indeterminate samples were PCR positive. An association was observed between IgM antibodies against ‘core’ epitopes and HCV RNA carriage: all IgM‐positive sera were found positive by PCR. However, the direct detection of viral genome remains the best method for identifiying HCV carriers in the blood d

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince HIV‐2 was isolated in 1986, only 1 case of acute HIV‐2 infection has been reported. We have identified another patient with primary HIV‐2 infection. Follow‐up samples were requested from the patient due to discrepant results. The HIV‐2 infection was confirmed with HIV‐2‐specific proviral DNA amplification by PCR. The HIV‐2 seroconversion panel obtained was used to evaluate the sensitivity of both combined and specific ELISAs currently in use in Europe, and to investigate the Western‐blot patterns on both HIV‐1‐ and HIV‐2‐specific Western blots. The window period was determined to be less than 37 days with the most sensitive assays. A remarkable difference in sensitivity to HIV‐2 antibodies in acute HIV‐2 infection was found in combined HIV‐l/HIV‐2 ELISAs. Three out of the 4 combined sandwich ELISAs appeared to be less sensitive than the indirect ELISAs in HIV‐2 seroconversion, leading to a prolonged window period. One HIV‐2‐specific ELISA was also negative on the first sample, but positive on the second sample. In the HIV‐2 Western blot, early reaction with HIV‐2‐specific env and gag proteins was seen, whereas the HIV‐1 Western blot on the first

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA collaborative study was undertaken to examine the sensitivity and reproducibility of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA PCR assays of plasma pools in order to establish a reference sample for HCV PCR testing of plasma pools. Samples consisting of an HCV‐RNA‐positive donation diluted tenfold in an HCV‐RNA‐negative cryosupernatant were sent to 16 participating laboratories (including blood product manufacturers and control authorities). The results of the in‐house assays indicate that a lo‐4dilution of the positive donation in the cryosupernatant could be used as the reference sample as this was the highest dilution of the positive donation that was detected in all assays. In contrast, the results obtained with a commercially available assay, designed for use with single‐donation plasma or serum (Roche AmplicorTMHCV test), were not so clear‐cut and the assay appeared to be ten‐fold less sensitive than th

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new method has been developed to immobilize red blood cells in wells of microplates using a cell fixation buffer. This method has been employed for detecting and identifying red blood cell antibodies with greater sensitivity than haemagglutination antiglobulin tests, without loss of specificity. This method decreases the amount of test erythrocytes and anti‐human globulin reagents employed per test, consequently lowering the cos

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLuminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) may be used to measure the metabolic response of human monocytes to red cells sensitized by anti‐D. The functional activity of maternal anti‐D when measured in this way correlates with the severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in D‐positive fetuses. Occasionally, however, women with levels of functionally active anti‐D predictive of moderate to severe HDN may deliver D‐positive babies with unexpectedly mild disease. In the current study we have shown that serum from 12 of 15 such women contained monocyte‐binding IgG antibodies which blocked FcγRI and inhibited the CL response of moncytes to red cells sensitized with monoclonal anti‐D. In contrast, FcγRI‐blocking antibodies were found in the serum from only 4 of 11 women who were matched for anti‐D activity but who delivered babies with severe HDN (p<0.05). Antibodies responsible for inhibition of CL responses were predominantly against HLA class I antigens. The CL response of monocytes to sensitized red cells was at least as sensitive to inhibition by FcγRI‐blocking antibodies as were phagocytic and lytic responses. Our data suggest that inhibition of the CL test is an objective, sensitive and relatively simple technique for detecting and investigating FcγRI‐blocking antibodies which may ame

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe describe a PCR‐based method of performing RHD and C/c typing in a single reaction. The method is based on an earlier observation of a polymorphism in intron 2 of both genes which, in addition to detecting the RHD deletion responsible for most known D‐negative phenotypes, is also associated with C/c serological type. Using this assay, we typed 105 unrelated individuals from at least four different population groups and compared the results to those obtained using conventional serological testing of red cells. An absolute correlation, with no exceptions, was seen. We also showed that the method has potential in the antenatal determination of RH type, as it was possible to type fetal trophoblasts recovered from the endocervical canal at 9 weeks pregna

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results of testing RoHarr cells with panels of monoclonal anti‐D suggest that the D antigen (referred to as DHar) encoded by the haplotype(D)c(e) Rh33is a partial D antigen. IgM monoclonal anti‐D are more efficient than IgG monoclonal anti‐D in detecting DHar. DHarexpresses some but not all of both epD5 and epD6/7 and appears to lack epD1‐epD4, epD8 a

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRed cells from known D variant donors were tested with 41 monoclonal anti‐D reagents, 26 IgG and 15 IgM, with the view to selecting a panel to aid the identification of unusual D types. These antibodies gave reaction patterns which allowed the identification of most of the known D category cells, recognizing epD2, epD5, epD6/7, epD8 and epD9, but were unable to distinguish category III from normal D‐positive cells. Reactivity with HMi, HMii, DFR, DBT and RoHarcells split epD2, epD5 and epD6/7 into two, three and eight groups, respectively. A panel comprising 15 monoclonal anti‐D, 11 IgG and four IgM, was selected as representative of the antibodies tested. Reactivity of monoclonal anti‐D was dependent on antibody concentration and antibody avidity. An antibody concentration of at least 12 pg/ml was required for optimum reactivity of the two monoclonal antibodies tested. A simple calculation of division of the titre by the antibody concentration provided a relatively simple means of establishing the reactivity performance of the antibody and correlated well with ability to detect weak D (Du) cells. A characteristic variable reduction in reaction strength with all the IgG anti‐D was observed with weak D cells. The IgM antibodies, except the high avidity RUM‐1, T3D2T6, D9A4 and BS226, performed poorly in detecting weak D. The majority of the IgM antibodies tested reacted with RoHarr cells, while only one IgG antibody w

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY