摘要:

Abstract.A new antigenic specificity for HBsAg is described, and its usefulness as an epidemiological marker is discussed. This specificity,l, was found in specimens from all geographic areas studied (United States, Latin America, South Africa, the Solomon Islands, and New Guinea). In these areas,lwas strongly associated with HBsAg/ay; y‐positive,l‐negative samples were observed only among specimens from United States volunteer blood donors. This determinant allowed a distinction of HBsAg/ad classes. Thus, theldeterminant was detected in 51.4% of HBsAg/adw4, 44.1% of HBsAg/adw(non‐w4), and 50% of HBsAg/adr. The association ofland other HBsAg determinants with HBeAg or anti‐HBe was also investigated. HBeAg was found to be associated with the presence of theldeterminant and with the r determinant. Anti‐HBe was associated with the presence of the d and w determinants and with the absence of thelsp

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1979.tb02282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The analysis of IgG, IgA and IgE serum immunoglobulins in 94 cardiac surgery patients, who received massive blood transfusions during the bypass procedure, has shown a selective increase in immunoglobulin levels, a fortnight after the operation. For 85% of patients, IgE levels increased usually independently of IgA but in close correlation with IgM variations. IgG levels were not altered. 2 weeks following surgery, IgE concentrations were found, on average, to have doubled and in several sera reached five times the initial level. These modifications were early and transient. The concentrations of serum IgE and IgM returned to pretransfusion levels within 2 months of surgery. For 44% of the total population, serum IgE could partly be absorbed onto pooled platelets or polymerized immunoglobulins. This finding suggests the formation of IgE type antibodies directed against white cell or immunoglobulin antigens following blood transfusions. No significant variations in IgE levels were observed after absorptions onto red blood cells (RBC). Such modifications of IgE concentration in cardiac surgery patients were not related to the disease and seemed to occur as a primary immune response following blood transfusions. In another study of 44 blood donors, who were immunized with washed red blood cells for test sera production, only 3 showed significant transient variations in serum IgE levels. Thus, RBC antigens do not appear to be frequently involved in such IgE responses.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1979.tb02283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.43 adults from a renal dialysis unit staff have received regularly spaced γ‐globulin administrations for hepatitis B prophylaxis. Several blood samples were collected over a prolonged period of time (160 days). Following γ‐globulin administration, anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies of the IgE class were detected in 80% of this population, a fortnight after the first injection using serum absorptions on polymerized γ‐globulins or a specific inverse RAST method. The reactivity pattern of these IgE anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies was similar to that observed for the anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies with ‘limited specificity’ detected by passive hemagglutination, in that they reacted with only one of the immunoglobulins of the panel used for their detection. A decrease of the overall IgE levels was observed in 62% of the subjects for a prolonged period of time following γ‐globulin administration. This suggests a feedback regulation mechanism for the reagin production in man, as it has already been observed in animals. A high incidence of anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies of various classes was observed in this study. However, only a small number (4/43) of adverse reactions appeared following γ‐globulin administration. For some of these subjects, the presence of specific IgE anti‐immunoglobulin, detected by the inverse‐RAST technique, suggests a possible role of such antibodies in some intolerance reaction

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1979.tb02284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Previous reports of increased numbers of rhesus‐negative individuals in series of Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients have received a unique type of confirmation. In an extended family of over 1,200 people in which an aggregate of 7 cases of HD has occurred, there were twice the usual number of rhesus‐negative individuals. Thus, these HD patients also arose in a population containing an excess of rhesus negatives. Detailed analysis of rhesus antigens and haplotypes with the aid of five antisera and blood samples from 1,133 community members revealed that the patients and their families carried R1and r but that there was exclusion from those groups of Roand ra. Ramay have been excluded from the patients but was found in members of their immediate families. No other haplotypes were identified. The differences between HD families and members of the remainder of the extended family are statistically significant (p<0.0005). The data are consistent with two interpretations which are not mutually exclusive. First, certain rhesus complexes, notably r, may confer susceptibility to the development of HD, probably by virtue of a closely linked gene, conversely other complexes such as Romay confer resistance. The second interpretation is that the postulated HD agent may flourish better in populations of certain rhesus make‐up than it does in others. Individuals of a particular rhesus genotype may be ‘carriers’ or ‘spreaders’. Further investigations are suggested which should contribute to the solution of this epidemiol

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1979.tb02285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The case of an 18‐year‐old male patient with aplastic anemia is reported who was successfully treated by platelets from his father, mother and uncle over a period of 8 months because of the very rare constellation of HLA‐A,B identity in the family. The patient deceased from uncontrollable septi

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1979.tb02286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.C4 sucrose/low ionic strength (LIS)‐coated red blood cells (RBC) are excellent for the detection of the previously ‘nebulous’ antibodies, anti‐Chido and anti‐Rodgers, as well as for serum/plasma typing of these antigens by an inhibition technique. By enzyme treatment of such cells, it is confirmed that the Ch and Rg antigens reside on the C4d part of the C4 molecule. Freshly taken RBC from normal individuals were examined with a sensitive Auto‐Analyzer technique with anti‐Chido, anti‐C4 and anti‐C3 sera. All normal RBC were shown to have C4d and C3d components on their surface. The technique was also very sensitive for the detection of the Ch antigen, which was detected on the RBC of all Chido‐positive individuals, and which did not show great variation in strength by this method. The mode ofin vivoC4 fixation on normal RBC seems to be different from the fixation in LIS or by RBC antibody

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1979.tb02287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Survival studies of51Cr, Ch(a+) red blood cells in a patient with anti‐Cha, showed normal survival time in the observation period of 6 days. Successive massive transfusion of Ch(a+) blood was performed without any complication. A very strong secondary immune response to the Ch antigen was observe

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1979.tb02288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The prevalence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs among voluntary blood donors, professional blood donors, INBTS laboratory staff, haemophiliacs and the patients and medical personnel of three haemodialysis centres was compared. The 3.4% incidence of HBsAg found among 168,890 voluntary donors was significantly less than the 8.4% found among 378 professional blood donors. The prevalence of HBsAg was higher in male than in female donors, and also higher in single than in married donors. Prevalence of HBsAg was unrelated to ABO‐Rh blood group but was related to age. Anti‐HBs was found in 30% of voluntary blood donors, 67% of professional donors, 68% of haemodialysis patients, 39% of haemodialysis staff, 86% of haemophiliacs and in only 4.8% of HBsAg carriers. Subtyping of HBsAg found in 100 voluntary donors showed 65 were ay; 5 ad; 10 ad + ay and 20 were unty

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1979.tb02289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A method for the quality control of platelet viability, based on N‐ethyl‐maleimide (NEM)‐induced lipid peroxidation, is reported. Duplicate platelet concentrates from individual donors were stored at 22 and 4°C, respectively. At time O and at 24‐hour intervals, pH, O2and CO2tensions, ADP‐induced aggregation, glass adhesivity, hypotonic shock response (HSR) and NEM‐induced lipid peroxidation were measured.A highly significant correlation between NEM‐induced lipid peroxidation and HSR was established, which suggests that the former method can be used for thein vitroprediction of posttransfusion survival of prese

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1979.tb02290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY