摘要:

Abstract.We have conducted a retrospective 3‐year analysis of our autologous blood donation program to assess its impact on orthopaedic surgery. We conclude: (1) utilization has increased from less than 5% of eligible patients in the first audit interval to nearly 50% in the last audit interval; (2) in the last audit interval, autologous blood donation resulted in a reduction of homologous blood transfusion from 41% in nonautologous blood patients to 14% in autologous blood donors; (3) increasingly conservative transfusion practice is seen for all patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery; (4) regional blood centers are responding to increasing requests for autologous blood with programs that are effective in attracting autologous blood donors; (5) on the basis of utilization and efficacy, preoperative autologous blood donation as an alternative to homologous blood transfusion now represents a standard of practice for elective orthopaedic surger

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Because autologous donation is permitted for donors who do not meet homologous blood donation standards, referring physicians and blood center personnel may be concerned about autologous donor reactions. Small studies have determined that mild reactions do not occur more frequently, but the incidence of rarer, more serious, moderate and severe reactions is unknown. We therefore studied the frequency of reactions during 10,200 autologous and 219,307 concurrent homologous donations at four blood centers. No significant difference was seen for severe reactions: autologous 0.039% (4/10,200), homologous 0.037% (82/219,307) (p = 0.79); moderate reactions: autologous 0.19% (19/10,200), homologous 0.22% (473/219,307) (p = 0.60) or mild reactions: autologous 2.26% (231/10,200), homologous 2.26% (4946/219,307) (p = 0.98). We conclude moderate and severe donation reactions do not occur more frequently among autologous donors who are preselected by referring physicians and screened by blood center personnel.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We studied proteolytic alterations of membrane proteins in ghosts derived from human red blood cells, preserved up to 35 days in the liquid state either as whole blood or with additive solution. The study was carried out by performing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of stromal proteins from erythrocytes, either previously treated with proteinase inhibitors or previously incubated in conditions promoting proteolysis. To differentiate the effect of erythrocyte from granulocyte proteinases, the investigation was also carried out in leukocyte‐free red cell preparations. The results show: (1) the effects of endogenous proteinases on membrane proteins derived from red cells stored under blood bank conditions; (2) a decrease of proteolytic effects in ghosts derived from red cells which have been submitted to a longer storage; (3) a relevant influence of the red cell resuspending medium before lysis on the time‐dependent onset and exhaustion of proteolysis in ghosts. The presence of increased proteolysis in ghosts could be regarded as a marker of molecular lesions induced in red cells by storage under blood bank conditi

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In order to evaluate the influence of leukocytes in whole blood on the standard blood bank conditions for storage, we compared several parameters of red cells, leukocytes and platelets in leukocyte‐rich and leukocyte‐poor whole blood over a storage period of 5 weeks. The leukocyte‐depleted units were prepared by filtration with a leukocyte trapping filter (Sepacell R500A). Our data indicate improved storage conditions, made evident by significantly lower cell damage: smaller increases of elastase, β‐thromboglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase in leukocyte‐depleted blood. This improvement was achieved in a simple two‐bag system using only filtration, without addition of rejuvenating solutions. In addition, this procedure allows greater flexibility in the use of filtrated blood for

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause severe morbidity in immunosuppressed patients. Regional transfusion centres in the UK are required to supply high‐titre anti‐CMV plasma to the Blood Products Laboratory (BPL), now called ‘Bio‐Products Laboratory’, for the production of specific intravenous immunoglobulin at the Protein Fractionation Centre in Scotland. For this purpose, 703 plasmapheresis donors were screened by a modified latex agglutination test to assess their suitability as donors with high‐titre anti‐CMV. CMV antibodies were found in 48% of the donors. Seropositivity increased with age ranging from 33% in the 20‐ to 29‐year age group to 57% in the 40–49 age group, although the 50–59 age group showed a slight decline to 53%. In all age ranges except the 40–49 group, seropositivity was highest in the female population. With the latex test, 14% of the total donors screened had a titre ≥1 in 64, 7% ≥1 in 128 and 4.2% ≥1 in 256. Samples from 18 donors with titres ≥1 in 128 were sent to BPL and all samples were found to have a sufficiently high titre for the production of CMV immune plasma. For BPL the ‘cut‐off’ level for CMV immune plasma is a titre ≥1 in 64 by complement fixation. Since the establishment of a panel of donors with high‐titre anti‐CMV plasma, more than 10 kg of plasma ar

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Prospective studies of posttransfusion hepatitis carried out in the past decade showed that 18.1% of the blood transfusions resulted in non‐A non‐B hepatitis in Japan. As an approach to the prevention of posttransfusion non‐A non‐B hepatitis (PTNANB), anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) postitivity was measured in 2,970 blood donations in the Tokyo area, and in 200 children aged between 6 and 15 years. Thirty‐four cases were anti‐HCV‐positive, showing an overall positivity of 1.14%. None of the 200 children younger than 15 years old were positive. Correlation of anti‐HCV positivity with the serum ALT levels was observed, but by reducing the accepted ALT levels from 35 Karmen Units (KU) down to 25 KU, it is estimated that 62.5% of the observed PTNANB would still have occurred, and 5.1% of the donated blood could not be used for transfusion. On the other hand, it is estimated that the majority of PTNANB could be prevented, with the loss of 1.14% of donated blood units, using the anti

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This study was undertaken to test the widely held belief that higher levels of immune anti‐A and anti‐B are characteristic of Negro and Asian populations with a corresponding increased risk factor for AB0 haemolytic disease of the newborn. Overall, 300 serum samples from male and female Asian, Caucasian and Negro blood donors in the North West Thames Region of groups A, B and 0 were collected. The sera were titrated in microplates against pooled group A1and pooled group B red blood cells. Although the results show that the highest levels for IgG anti‐A and anti‐B were found in group 0 female Negro donors, statistically these levels are not significantly higher than those of the other group 0 donors tested. We suggest that the potent anti‐A and anti‐B reported by others in Negro and Asian populations may arise from environmental rather than gene

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Balb/c mice were immunized with acquired B red cells. Twelve clones specific for acquired B red cells were obtained from two fusions. A detailed investigation of three clones is reported here. These antibodies appear to be directed to the B‐like epitope since they are inhibited by galactosamine and fail to react after acetylation of red cells. E 231 is an example of a series of antibodies closely specific for acquired B red cells which can be useful in elucidating some AB0 typing problems. E 167 and F 47 showed a cross‐reactivity with A1red cells and a synthetic A trisaccharide. No affinity for B antigen could be demonstrated for any of the antibod

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The screening of a serum for irregular erythrocyte antibodies in the indirect antiglobulin test is a well‐established technique. We compared the test results of two different solid‐phase microplate indirect antiglobulin tests with a liquid‐phase indirect antiglobulin test in tubes. Antibody screening with both solid‐phase microplate techniques proved to be more sensitive than the liquid‐phase indirect antiglobulin test. In addition, a difference in sensitivity between the two solid‐phase techniques was observed: prior immobilization of test erythrocytes on the microplate followed by incubation with a serum and detection of sensitization with antihuman IgG‐coated detector cells gave better test results than secondary immobilization on the microplate of test erythrocytes sensitized with antibodies and an antihuman g

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The amount of H antigens on buccal epithelial cells (BEC) of secretors and non‐secretors was measured by flow cytometry. H type 1 and H type 2 on BEC were detected with fluorescein‐labelledUlex europaeuslectin, and H type 2 was measured with mouse monoclonal antibody. Between 3.5 and 6 times more H antigen was detected on cells from secretors compared with cells from non‐secretors. The level of H type 2 was the same on BEC of secretors and non‐secretors. Adsorption of H type 1 antigen from secretor saliva onto non‐secretors BEC was demonstrated. A simple and sensitive ELISA method was developed for the determination of H in saliva with biotin‐labelledUlexlectin. This system provides a simple means for measuring the amount of H present in saliva and for the determination of secr

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb05019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY