摘要:

Abstract.Recent reports of transmission by intravenous γ‐globulin preparations of non‐A non‐B hepatitis (NANBH), including several cases that progressed to severe liver damage and death, have raised concerns about the safety of intravenous γ‐globulin. However, the problem does not seem to be widespread. To assess this issue, we previously reported the results of liver function tests monitored in 41 patients with primary immunodeficiency treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV), pH 4.25 over periods ranging from 6 to 15 months. Eighteen of these patients at two of the three centers have now had serial serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels performed regularly at intervals of 1–5 weeks while continuing monthly intravenous infusions of nonmodified IGIV, pH 4.25 for an additional 14–26 months. The standard dosage was 400mg per kg body weight IGIV, pH4.25. Six lots of IGIV, pH 4.25 were used. Transient minor SGPT elevations were observed in 5 of the patients on a total of 8 occasions. None of the elevations was considered indicative of NANBH or of any chronic hepatic disease. All patients remained negative for hepatitis B surface antigen through

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The stability of 18 batches of anti‐D immunoglobulin preparations from 7 European manufacturers was studied over 28‐day incubation at +37°C and 3‐year storage at +4°C. The mean loss of activity after 28 days at +37°C was 12.3 ± 8.2%, and after 3 years at +4°C 15.2 ± 9.5%. The correlation coefficient of the loss of activity between these two storages was r = 0.61, p<0.05 indicating that short‐term incubation can be used to evaluate the shelf life stability of anti‐D activity. In general, measurements of IgG fragments or activities of plasmin, plasminogen, or prekallikrein activator were not valuable in predicting the stability of anti‐D activity due to the fact that the preparation of each manufacturer has its own unique pattern of enzymes and inhibitors. The anti‐D immunoglobulin preparations contained up to at least 7 plasma proteins in addition to IgG. All preparations contained factor B, most of them α2‐macroglobulin, α1‐antitrypsin, albumin, and α2‐HS glycoprotein. α‐Lysozyme was present in 7, and ceruloplasmin in 2 preparations. Neither purity nor imp

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The use of caprylate for the inactivation of lipid‐enveloped viruses in biologically active proteins both plasma derived and produced by cell culture was evaluated. Viruses consisted of herpes simplex virus type I, vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus, and Sindbis virus. Utilizing the dissociation reaction and varying the concentration of the ionized form of caprylate, a specific amount of the nonionized form of caprylate was maintained over a wide pH range. Virus‐spiked protein solutions contacted with caprylate provide rapid virus inactivation under a variety of conditions while maintaining the integrity of the respective protein or activity. With the exception of coagulation factor AHF, protein and biological activity yield were essentially quantitative. Caprylate is removed after treatment by size exclusion chromatography or anion/cation exchange adsorption of the protein, followed by buffer w

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The Canadian Red Cross Blood Services have been harvesting plasma from whole blood by plasmapheresis procedure for the last 10 years. To date, we have performed approximately 230,000 procedures. To determine whether this procedure is a health hazard to an individual, a donor safety program was established in 1979 at the National Reference Laboratory. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulins are monitored at intervals set by the Bureau of Biologics, Health and Welfare Canada. In this communication, we present a 10‐year evaluation of this program. A comparison of the protein concentration distributions between first‐time and long‐term plasmapheresis donors showed no significant differences. Therefore, we have demonstrated that the donors are not at risk as the result of changes in the measured plasma protein levels following plasmapheresis procedure as performed over the last 10 years at The Canadian Red Cross Blood Ser

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Red cells washed and stored in a citrate‐phosphate‐glucose‐adenine solution at pH 7.4–7.6 demonstrate excellent maintenance of adenosine triphosphate, elevation of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate well above normal levels for more than 6 weeks, reduced hemolysis and 24‐hour in vivo survival comparable to that of cells stored in ADSOL. These results can be attributed in part to a chloride shift in which the washout of intracellular chloride is associated with an influx of OH“, which increases intracellular pH and thereby increases the rate of glycolysis. The phosphate functions primarily as a buffer to maintain both extra‐ and intracellular pH. Reducing the effective osmolality of the storage solution reduces hemolysis and improves

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Washing red cells with solutions containing no anions capable of entering the cells is known to result in the loss of intracellular chloride and a counterflow of OH‐which raises intracellular and lowers extracellular pH. Elevating the intracellular pH improves the quality of the cells during 4°C storage. The extent to which intracellular pH can be raised and extracellular pH reduced depends not only on the inability of extracellular anions to enter the cells but also on the buffering capacity of the wash solution. Both intra‐ and extracellular pH can be manipulated by the judicious selection of anions or combinations of anions used in the wash solu

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The addition of platelet activation inhibitors to the anticoagulant and the replacement of plasma with a fortified electrolyte medium have been shown separately in previous work to improve the storage of platelets during a 2‐week period. In the present study, we have combined these strategies to investigate whether a synergistic improvement could be obtained. A total of 85 concentrates was studied with 300nMprostaglandin E1(PGE1) and 1.9mMtheophylline added to the whole blood, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), and/or the storage medium during the preparation of platelet concentrates. In vitro markers of platelet aggregation, respiration, and cell integrity were measured over a 20‐day storage period and evaluated in an analysis of variance. We found that a single‐step addition of PGE1and theophylline to the PRP prior to centrifugation was not sufficient in terms of preventing a rapid fall in pH, rise in pO2, fall in pCO2, loss of hypotonic shock response, and loss of aggregation response, compared to the addition of the inhibitors to the storage medium used to resuspend the platelet pellet. Factorial analysis showed that a reduction in the surface‐to‐volume ratio of the storage container further improved the maintenance of platelet respiration and, for three in vitro markers (hypotonic shock response, released lactic dehydrogenase, and surface glycoprotein Ib levels) displayed an interactive effect with the inhibitors. The addition of protease inhibitors to the formulation of PGE1and theophylline showed further improvement in several markers. These findings demonstrate the possibility of preserving platelets for 15–20 days with the synergistic effects of activation inhibitors and an electrolyte storage medium fortified with citrate, buffers, and dextrose. In addition, these data suggest that platelet agonists generated in plasma accelerate the in vitro aging process of sto

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Eighteen commercial bovine serum albumin (BSA) preparations were evaluated for their efficacy in hemagglutination enhancement by the capillary tube method. Their physicochemical variables (pH, conductivity, free fatty acids, total protein, and polymer content) were quantified. The results showed that a BSA preparation which consistently performed well in hemagglutination enhancement contained some albumin polymer and had a low free fatty acid content. We also found that the addition of Ficoll (final concentration of 1.24%) could convert BSA preparations producing mediocre hemagglutination enhancement into good enhancers, provided that these preparations did not have high free fatty acid content. Hence, the addition of Ficoll can obviate the requirement for selecting a polymer‐enhanced albumin for use in capillary tube test

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Immunoblotting of the separated membrane components of MiI erythrocytes with anti‐Vw identified a band of Mr40,000 with a mobility close to that of β‐sialoglycoprotein corresponding to the abnormal α‐sialoglycoprotein present in MiI cells. A comparison of results obtained when MiIII erythrocytes were immunoblotted with anti‐Mur, anti‐s and the monoclonal antibody R1.3, indicated that the Mur antigen is located on the abnormal δ‐sialoglycoprotein of Mr36,000 in MiIII erythrocytes. Prior treatment of MiI erythrocytes with neuraminidase resulted in an increase in the intensity of staining of the anti‐Vw reactive component. This was consistent with the enhanced reactions observed in haemagglutination tests with neuraminidase‐treated erythrocytes. The mobility of the Vw component was reduced when erythrocytes were pre‐treated with low concentrations of neuraminidase but increased when higher concentrations of neu

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A typing serum MUE 38539 II, was found to recognize a DR3‐associated split of DQw2. In cytotoxicity tests, MUE 38539 II yielded positive test results with B lymphocytes but not with monocytes of DR3‐positive cell donors. This was in contrast to other typing reagents for DR3 that react with B lymphocytes as well as monocytes. Lymphocytotoxicity tests using MUE 38539 II were negative with DR7‐ and DQw2‐positive cells. The assumption that the serum recognizes a DR3‐associated split of DQw2, and not DR3 itself, was confirmed by the lack of reactivity with a DQw4‐ and DR3‐positive lymphoblastoid cell line (RSH). The assumption was also corroborated using reagents from a family in which DR3 and DQw2 were not found in the usually described linkage. In two lines, DR3 was associated with DQw‐ (2707 and 2710), and in the cell line 2704, DQw2 was associated with DRw‐. The serum MUE 38539 II was exclusively cytotoxic with lymphoblastoid cell lines from those family members who were positive for DQw2, independently of the DR3 anti

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY