摘要:

Abstract.An approach to the full assessment of new plasmapheresis machines is outlined. This involves testing for changes in donated blood, donors and blood components using fresh donor blood and during full procedures in an animal model prior to performing full procedures in human volunteers. Using this approach, a new centrifugal plasmapheresis machine, the SPC‐600, was assessed. No adverse effects associated with the use of the machine were detected in the initial studies. When used for plasmapheresis of volunteers, 500 ml of plasma was obtained in 43 ± 4 min without adverse effects on donors. The plasma product contained normal levels of plasma proteins, including factor VIII, and 20 ± 6× 109/1 platelets. There was no evidence of activation of complement or coagulation systems, and the factor VIII yield in cryoprecipitate prepared from single donations of plasma was equivalent to that observed for standard whole blood donat

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1987.tb04935.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Women with the rare blood group p are known to have an increased rate of abortions. The case of a 36‐year‐old woman is presented who had had 7 spontaneous abortions in the first trimester and no live child. When treated by plasma exchange begun early in pregnancy and continued until the 29th week, she delivered a normal child. Time to begin, amount and length of time necessary to continue plasma exchange in these patients are considered. In addition, the question of which fraction of the anti‐PP1Pkcould be responsible for abortion is discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a woman of p phenotype with no live children but with multiple abortions treated by this method, which should be seriously considered in similar

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1987.tb04936.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Fetal blood sampling under ultrasound guidance has added a new dimension to the management of Rh hemolytic disease. Combined with the established parameters of history, antibody measurement and amniotic fluid ΔOD450readings, direct testing of the blood of the fetus completes the picture. As well as giving information that may be applied to decisions regarding management, an opportunity is provided to observe the mechanism of anti‐D IgG‐induced red cell destruction in

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1987.tb04937.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This is the first British patient to be reported with the rhesus null phenotype. Anti‐Rh 29 was detected in a primigravida at 35 weeks' gestation and rose substantially before delivery. She had all the features of the rhesus null syndrome and her newborn was affected by haemolytic disease (HDN

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1987.tb04938.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Previously described methods of phenotyping red cells sensitised with IgG using the indirect antiglobulin test required the dissociation of the coating protein. Based on an entirely different principle, Fab fragments of anti‐human IgG (Fab anti‐IgG) were used to block the antiglobulin binding sites on cell‐bound IgG molecules, removing the necessity to dissociate them from the red cell. Fab anti‐IgG was found to be effective in blocking interfering IgG on in vivo and in vitro IgG‐sensitised red cells, permitting successful red cell phenotyping. Strongly IgG‐sensitised samples which could not be fully neutralised by chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) or blocked with Fab anti‐IgG alone could usually be phenotyped using a combination of both these methods. This new procedure may be of use in immunohaematology

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1987.tb04939.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A competitive enzyme‐linked immunoassay (CELIA) was developed for the quantitation of platelet‐associated immunoglobulins and complement proteins. The use of unlabeled polyclonal rabbit or monoclonal antibodies to human immunoglobulins and enzyme‐labeled anti‐mouse or anti‐rabbit IgG (double‐step technique) resulted in a higher sensitivity compared to the single‐step technique using only enzyme‐labeled anti‐human immunoglobulin antibody preparations. Sensitivity and results obtained by both techniques were compared. The range of normal values for platelet‐associated IgG, IgM, IgA, C3c and C3d was assessed upon a large number of normal blood donors. When platelet‐associated IgG was concomitantly assayed with polyclonal and monoclonal anti‐IgG by the double‐step technique on platelets obtained from normal donors and thrombocytopenic patients, identical results were obtained with both reagents. Problems related to the quantitation of immunoglobulins on platelets with different assays and antibody p

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1987.tb04940.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Platelet membrane glycoproteins were isolated from intact platelets by detergent‐phase extraction, fixed to the wells of microtiter trays and used as targets for the detection of platelet‐reactive alloantibodies by enzyme‐linked immunospecific assay (ELISA). The final preparations contained 0.4% of total platelet protein. Antibodies reactive with antigens P1A1, P1A2, Baka, Penaand HLA‐A2 were specifically detected at dilutions ranging form 1:640 to 1:1,600. Under the conditions utilized, the ELISA was more sensitive than assays involving51Cr, radiolabeled monoclonal anti‐IgG binding, and indirect immunofluorescence testing by one order of magnitude or greater. When platelets were pretreated with chloroquine to remove class I HLA antigens prior to detergent‐phase extraction, reactions with HLA‐specific antibodies were lost, but reactions with platelet‐specific alloantibodies were retained. This approach offers a simple, sensitive and rapid method to detect and identify platelet‐specific alloantibodies in sera containing HLA‐reac

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1987.tb04941.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The results obtained in the analysis of 130 thrombocytopenic patients with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for platelet‐associated IgG (PA‐IgG) and the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PIFT) were compared. The RIA was positive in 33 of 41 (82.9%) patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) and in 51 of 79 (64.4%) patients with secondary thrombocytopenia (STP). The PIFT was positive in 37 of the 41 (90.2%) ITP patients and in 57 of the 79 (72.2%) STP patients. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of ITP of both tests were comparable: 82.9 and 40.9% for the PA‐IgG(RIA) and 90.2 and 36.7% for the PIFT. A significant positive correlation was observed between the mean amount of PA‐IgG measured and the height of PIFT scores with anti‐IgG. Of 38 discrepancies between PA‐IgG(RIA) and PIFT with anti‐IgG, 15 were due to borderline results, 17 were associated with abnormal platelet‐size distribution and 20 were associated with occurrence of IgM antibodies. These results suggest influences of platelet fragments and/or aggregates on accurate measurement of PA‐IgG. Both fragments and aggregates escape from accurate platelet counting, while their contribution to the total IgG content remains. Therefore, a falsely elevated PA‐IgG (R

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1987.tb04942.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.An elderly, multiparous, multiply transfused woman developed post‐transfusion purpura (PTP) after the transfusion of 2 units of leukocyte‐poor red cells and was successfully treated by plasmapheresis and corticosteroids. Her pre‐PTP transfusion history was characterized by frequent, multiple transfusions of platelet antigen‐containing blood products 12 to 5.5 years prior to the onset of disease and, apart from the initiating transfusion, only frozen red cells in the 5.5 years immediately preceding the onset of thrombocytopenia. Leukocyte‐poor red cells thus appear capable of initiating PTP. Use of a few units of frozen red cells may result in a shorter than normal refractory period, after which time PTP may occur upon exposure to sufficient platele

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1987.tb04943.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.An autoantibody mimicking anti‐S specificity is described in an S‐s+ patient. The antibody was detected 2 weeks after transfusion. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was positive and the antibody was thought to be an alloantibody formed after the transfusion. Eighteen months later, the DAT was still positive and anti‐S could be eluted from the patients's red blood cells in spite of the fact that these were S‐s+. The autoantibody was characterized as mimicking anti‐S specificity by in vitro absorption studies. It was present during the 3 years in which the patient was observed without causing hemolit

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1987.tb04944.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY