摘要:

Abstract.A new method for the manufacture of a heated factor VIII concentrate of high specific activity (2–6 IU factor VIII:C/mg protein) has been developed. Addition of heparin to cryoprecipitate extract at acid pH precipitated fibrinogen and fibronectin. Factor VIII was then recovered from the supernatant by precipitation with glycine and sodium chloride. After re‐solution and desalting on Sephadex G‐25, the concentrate was sterile‐filtered and lyophilised. The dried product was stable to heating in the final container at 80°C for 72 h. Data from 25 consecutive batches of concentrate prepared from 1,200‐1,500 kg plasma pools are presented. The mean final yield of heated product was 190 IU factor VIII:C/kg plasma. The concentrate has been found to be safe and effective in cl

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb01144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The level of blood cells and differential counts as well as of selected clotting and complement system components and breakdown products were measured in donor plasma of 42 polycarbonate filter (group I) and 7 nylon filter (group II) plasmapheresis procedures. Three different sampling time points were considered: (1) 1 min prior to connecting the donor to the machine (sample A); (2) 1 min after donation by a repeat venipuncture (sample B), and (3) in collected plasma (sample C). The better biocompatibility of the newly introduced nylon filters became evident on the basis of blood cell counts with significant drops of total white blood cell counts, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets in sample B of group I, but not of group II. Similarly, complement studies revealed significant decrease of CH 50, C4 and C3 in samples B and C of group I, but only in samples C of group II. Coagulation studies showed significant increases of fibrinopeptide A and β‐thromboglobulin in samples B and C of group I; in group II β‐thromboglobulin was significantly increased in sample C compared to sample A. Plasminogen levels were decreased in samples B and C of group I but not of group II. Nonactivated partial thromboplastin time remained normal in group I. Factor VIII:C determinations in group II revealed a recovery of 86% in sam

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb01145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Removal of leukocytes from platelet concentrates (PC) may decrease the incidence of alloimmunization to HLA antigens on white cells and prevent or delay refractoriness. Cotton wool filtration, which effectively removes leukocytes from PC with minimal platelet loss, may cause platelet or complement activation. In this study, the effect of cotton wool filtration (Imugard® IG‐500) on platelet activation, in vitro function, posttransfusion survival, and complement activation was investigated. Five paired autologous in vivo percent recovery and survival studies were performed with fresh (6–8 h) PC or with 5‐day‐stored PC prepared from CPD‐anticoagulated blood and stored in PL‐732TMcontainers using standard methods. In the paired design, PC from the same donor were filtered on one occasion, and not filtered on another, prior to labeling with indium‐111‐oxine and reinfusion. Percent recovery and survival were then determined by the standardized method. Filtration had no statistically significant effect on percent recovery on PC stored for 6–8 h or for 5 days. There was, however, a slight decrease in survival hours of the filtered PC which was statistically significant at 6–8 h (203±14 vs. 179±18 h; p0.05). Samples taken before and after filtration of single units (fresh and 5‐day) and pooled units (3‐day) for measurement of release of granular content (β‐thromboglobulin), lysis (LDH), and in vitro viability—ATP, extent of shape change with ADP, and hypotonic shock response (3‐day only)—demonstrated no effect of filtration on these parameters. A slight, but significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma levels of C3a was found for fresh‐filtered PC, but not for stored PC, suggesting some

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb01146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We investigated the effects of gravitational force and three different plastic formulations of the storage bags on the quality of stored platelets by measuring the changes in platelet‐associated immunoglobulin G (IgG) and two antigenic markers of the third component of human complement (C3), C3d and C3c. Pooled platelets were stored in parallel at microgravity (MG) and on the ground (1g) using three different plastic polymers: (1) polyvinylchloride (PVC) plasticized with di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP); (2) PVC plasticized with trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM), and (3) unplasticized polyolefin (PO). The IgG and C3 were quantified by an automated antiglobulin consumption test in freeze/thaw disrupted platelets (total IgG or C3). The baseline values for platelet associated IgG and C3, measured after 2.5 days of storage at 1gjust prior to the launch, fell within the normal range. Following an additional 6.5 day storage, platelets stored at MG had accumulated significantly less C3d than those stored at 1g, suggesting that MG storage was beneficial. Specific plastic formulations also exerted a significant effect on the accumulation of these immunoproteins, the effect being particularly pronounced at MG. The smallest increases of IgG and C3 were seen in platelets stored in TOTM and the largest in those stored in DEHP. It is possible that further studies at MG would permit a clear characterization of the effects of other independent storage vari

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb01147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with 3‐azidothymidine (zidovudine; AZT) can induce severe neutropenia and anemia, while platelet counts increase. In order to understand the mechanism by which this favorable effect on platelets is induced, we prospectively studied platelet kinetics and platelet serology in 8 hemophiliacs receiving the drug. All patients underwent a second investigation after 3 months of treatment. Four patients were thrombocytopenic before treatment. Platelet counts increased significantly already after 1 week of treatment (p = 0.03), when only 3 patients remained thrombocytopenic. In these latter patients a further increase of platelet counts was noticed during the following 3 months. Platelet life‐span was shortened in all patients at the initial investigation and a significant prolongation was measurable at the second evaluation (p = 0.015). Platelet‐associated immunoglobulin G was increased in 3 patients at the first investigation and in 4 patients at the follow‐up. Platelet‐associated complement (PAC3d) was elevated in all subjects at the first determination. It decreased in 6, but increased in 2 patients thereafter; thus these changes did not become significant (p = 0.078). Immunofluorescence studies revealed antiplatelet antibodies in 7 patients' sera before treatment, and in 5 sera during drug therapy. At both investigations, the antibodies bound to the platelet glycoprotein IIIa as was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled platelet proteins. We conclude, that AZT treatment improves platelet counts in HIV‐infected hemophiliacs primarily by a prolongation of platelet survival without having a significant influence on antiplatelet antib

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb01148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A cohort of 180 haemophiliacs followed between 1983 and 1986 and a cohort of 961 homosexual men followed between 1984 and 1986 were compared for the prevalence and incidence of HIV‐1 antibody (HIV‐1‐Ab) seropositivity, the incidence of AIDS‐related complex (ARC) and AIDS and the prevalence and incidence of serological and immunological markers for HIV‐related disease progression. Among the haemophiliacs 23 (12.8%) patients were HIV‐1‐Ab seropositive at entry and 20 (12.7%) of the remaining 157 seroconverted for HIV‐1‐Ab during follow‐up. Of the homosexual men 238 (24.8%) were HIV‐1‐Ab seropositive at entry and 68 (9.4%) of the 723 at entry seronegatives seroconverted during follow‐up. Clinical follow‐up of the HIV‐1‐Ab seropositive and seroconverted men was 59 months in the haemophiliac cohort and 60 months in the homosexual cohort. Among the HIV‐1‐Ab seropositive and seroconverted haemophiliacs and homosexual men the cumulative ARC/AIDS incidence was 2 and 18%, respectively. Occurrence of HIV‐1‐antigenaemia was more frequent among seropositive and seroconverted homosexual men (28%) than among haemophiliacs (7%) (p = 0.001). The groups did not differ significantly for the absence or loss of anti‐HIV core antibodies or the occurrence of low CD4+ cell numbers. These data indicate a slower progression of HIV‐related disease in seropositive haemophili

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb01149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.IgG2, G2m(23) anti‐Rh‐D antibodies were detected in the serum of a donor. It has been characterized by Gm typing and the use of polyclonal and mouse monoclonal anti‐IgG subclasses (which had proved to be satisfactory for agglutinaton of sensitized red blood cells). This anti‐D constitutes a good reagent for G2m(23)

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb01150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Immunoblotting was performed, after sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of solubilised red cell membranes under non‐reducing conditions, with human Lutheran antibodies, anti‐Lua, ‐Lub, ‐Lu3, ‐Lu6 and ‐Lu8, and with human para‐Lutheran antibodies, ‐Lu4, ‐Lu12 and ‐Lu17. On antigen‐positive red cells all antibodies revealed two components of apparent molecular weight (Mr) 83,000 and 76,000. Anti‐Luaand ‐Lubgave no bands with Lu(a‐b+) or Lu(a+b‐) cells, respectively. With the exception of anti‐Lu17, which reacted normally, and anti‐Lu3, which reacted weakly, none of the antibodies showed bands with membranes from Lu(a‐b‐) cells of theIn(Lu) type. Treatment of the red cells with sialidase led to a small reduction in the apparent Mrof the Lutheran glycoproteins which, therefore, appear to contain sialic

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb01151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Certain antibodies have shown the ability to detect small amounts of A antigenic structures on certain group B cells. These rare cells that reverse group as B, are designated here as B(A) cells. Among the anti‐A antibodies capable of detecting these cells are MHO4 (an IgM murine monoclonal antibody) and polyclonal anti‐A derived from blood group O donors. The latter (anti‐A, B) have been adsorbed exhaustively with normal B cells, to deplete the serum of antibodies to group B antigen. The cell specificity detected by these antibodies can be removed only by an α‐Nacetylgalactosaminidase (A‐zyme) but not by an α‐galactosidase (B‐zyme). Inhibition studies show that these reactions can be inhibited by A secretor saliva and cannot be inhibited by B secretor saliva. Moreover, papain treatment of normal group B cells not previously agglutinable with these antibodies, now causes these cells to become reactive, and this specificity, too, is removed only by A‐zyme. These results suggest that low levels of blood group A antigen are being recognized by these antibodies and that these structures can exist not only on B(A) cells but on all gro

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb01152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A dispermic human chimaera is described who is a fertile female XX/XY chimaera. The chimaera was discovered due to anomalies found during routine antenatal testing. The patient had two red cell populations differing in three blood group sysems; ABO, Rh and MN. Analysis of cultured lymphocytes showed 70% of cells to have the 46, XY male karyotype and analysis of cultured skin cells showed 30% of cells to have the 46, XY karyotype.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb01153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY