摘要:

Abstract.Hemoglobin solution, as a potential oxygen‐carrying resuscitation fluid in blood volume replacement therapy, has two limitations: higher oxygen affinity (P50˜ 12–16 mm Hg) and shorter vascular retention time (plasma half‐disappearance time ˜ 2–4 h) of free hemoglobin as compared to hemoglobin in the red cells. To overcome these two limitations, several investigators have used a variety of reactions and procedures for the modification of the hemoglobin molecule. This article presents a review of the modifications of the hemoglobin, including reactions with different agents for the intra‐ or intermolecular cross‐linking of hemoglobin, reactions with pyridoxal phosphate with or without subsequent polymerization, and manipulations for the encapsulation of hemoglobin to obtain artificial cells. The P50and the vascular retention time of the products obtained are indicated whenever they have been reported in the literature. The oxygen transport characteristics of a resuscitation fluid, in general, and of modified hemoglobin solution, in particular, have been correlated to the oxygen dissociation curve and to the hemoglobin

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1983.tb01875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A pilot study for large‐scale automated plasmapheresis using the Haemonetics Model 50 machine was undertaken in the Yorkshire Region of the United Kingdom to determine the viability of such a programme for national self‐sufficiency in fresh plasma procurement for factor VIII concentrate production. The study was designed to resolve three areas of concern: donor safety and recruitment; a cost analysis, and the choice of anticoagulant for optimum factor VIII yields. The results show that large‐scale automated plasmapheresis could safely and economically produce high‐quality source plasma necessary for national self‐su

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1983.tb01876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Blood plasma and factor VIII concentrate have been fractionated by continuous free film electrophoresis in an apparatus which was designed to overcome the problems of overheating usually inherent in this technique. Results show that complete separation of plasma proteins is unlikely to be obtained by a single passage through this apparatus. However, a useful degree of fractionation may be obtained with certain proteins, for example fibrinogen and IgG.It should be possible to concentrate blood clotting factors if the electrophoresis is used in combination with a conventional separation procedure such as adsorption on aluminium hydroxide. The advantage of the electrophoretic technique is that it is a continuous process using the minimum of extraneous chemicals. The disadvantage is that it introduces a 40‐fold dilution into the fractionatio

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1983.tb01877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1983.tb01878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A prototype of a cross‐flow membrane plasmapheresis system was tested for its safety and efficacy in normal donors. 550 ml of plasma can be harvested in less than 1 h. The procedure appears to be safe for the donor. No significant alterations in donor hematological, coagulation, or biochemical values were obtained after the procedure compared to the predonation levels. Changes in the classical and alternate complement pathways were studied serially by analysis of functional hemolytic titers, C3and C4levels, and C3and factor B cleavage products. No firm evidence of complement activation by the polysulfone filtration cell membrane was foun

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1983.tb01879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A case of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) occurring in a patient withKlebsiellapneumonia is described. The first sign of PCH in the patient was erythrophagocytosis. The Donath‐Landsteiner (D‐L) antibody exhibited anti‐P specificity both serologically and biochemically. The appearance of D‐L antibody during fulminatingKlebsiellapneumonia strongly suggests their causal relat

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1983.tb01880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Male homosexuals have been found to have an extraordinarily high prevalence, and high titers, of antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV), as determined by complement‐fixation and passive hemagglutination tests. These findings support other data suggesting that CMV may be sexually transmitted. The high titers of CMV antibody found in this population suggest that the homosexual population may be a valuable source of plasma for preparations of CMV immune globulins. CMV immune globulins may be useful in passive immunoprophylaxis or immunotherapy in immunosuppressed patient

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1983.tb01881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The inherited polymorphism of the properdin factor B (Bf system) was studied by isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel (PAGIF, pH range 5.0–8.0), followed by immunofixation. Using the described technique, two different subtypes of F bands are visible (designated as F‘ and F“). Studies of 13 families and 48 mother‐child pairs are not in contradiction to the assumption of a codominant inheritance by two alleles (BfF’ and BF”) at a s

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1983.tb01882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.It has recently become possible to determine the van der Waals (Hamaker) coefficient of erythrocytes, whilst their ζ‐potential has been known for some time. With these two data the net potential energy of interaction versus distance diagrams could be elaborated for unsensitized human erythrocytes suspensed in saline water, as well as for erythrocytes monogamously sensitized with anti‐D (Rh0) antibodies of the IgG class. Unsensitized erythrocytes can approach each other, to within ≅ 79 Å of their sialoglycoprotein surfaces, leaving a distance between their actual cell membranes of ≅ 180 Å, which is considerably more than the maximum distance between the two valencies of an IgG molecule (≅ 120 Å). This explains why unaided anti‐D (Rh0) antibodies of the IgG class cannot cross‐link two D (Rh0)‐positive erythrocytes, although cross‐linking can easily be achieved with IgM class antibodies. D (Rh0)‐positive erythrocytes, monogamously sensitized with antibodies of the IgG class, can approach each other to within ≅ 60 Å (between the Fc ends of the protruding antibodies), which makes cross‐linking by means of anti‐IgG antibo

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1983.tb01883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Anti‐Sdxis an IgM complement‐binding autoantibody that defines a red cell antigen which is independent of I, i, Sp1(Pr) and Gd. Hemagglutination by the antibody is unusually sensitive to variation in pH, salt, or other charged molecular species. The antibody is inhibited by urine from Sd(a+) persons, but inhibition is a nonspecific effect caused by charged molecules. No specific Sdxsubstance could be demonstrated, and Sdxantigen does not appear to be directly associated with the Sid blood group. In view of these findings we propose that this antibody should be renamed anti

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1983.tb01884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY