摘要:

Abstract.Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) suffer from a deficiency of cellular immunity. However, some HIV‐infected children and adults suffer from recurrent upper respiratory tract infections suggestive of a failure to synthesise specific antibodies, despite the hypergammaglobulinaemia that is present. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IV IgG) appears to benefit HIV‐infected children with recurrent infections, in doses similar to those used for treating patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia. In some HIV‐infected adults, IV IgG also appears to reduce bacterial respiratory infections but the treatment schedules remain to be defined. In patients with life‐threatening bleeding due to immune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with HIV infection, high dose IV IgG treatment (1–2 g/kg) also increases platelet counts but unlike other therapies for ITP, is not immunosuppressive and has no other serious adverse effects. It is likely that over the next few years, specific anti‐HI V preparations will be evaluated. Neutralising antibody has been demonstrated in HIV‐infected patients and a specific antibody preparation against HIV might either prevent HIV infection after initial exposure to the virus or slow the progression of HIV‐related disease. However, the development of a specific, effective, neutralising anti‐HIV immunoglobulin preparation (whether polyclonal or monoclonal) will require information about which HIV antigens elicit protective immunity and the role played by neutralising antibody in HI

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb05139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Different manufacturers use several different processes for the production of intravenous immunoglobulin. Several manufacturers include a production step where the immunoglobulin is treated with low levels of pepsin at pH 4. A series of experiments were undertaken to assess whether or not pH 4/pepsin treatment could inactivate a range of test viruses. Acid‐labile viruses such as vaccinia, herpes simplex, mumps and Semliki Forest virus were found to be susceptible to pH 4/pepsin treatment whereas poliovirus type 2, an acid‐stable virus, was completely resistant to this treatment. In immunoglobulin preparations, viral contaminants are likely to be present as antibody/virus complexes and such complexing was found to help protect the test viruses from inactivation by pH 4/pepsin treatment. Despite this protection, at least 99% of the test inoculum of two susceptible viruses (vaccinia and herpes simplex) was found to be inactivated after treatment and the subsequent dissociation of virus/antibody complexes. It is concluded that pH 4/pepsin treatment may contribute to the safety of intravenous IgG by inactivating potential viral contamina

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb05140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The stability of VIILC was investigated by monitoring samples taken at different points from a routine process for the manufacture of factor VIII concentrate and by examining the stabilising influence of a number of product formulations. Loss of VIII:C over process‐finishing procedures (formulation, 0.22 μm filtration, dispensing) was associated with a citrate‐induced inactivation which could be prevented by controlling the ionised calcium concentration of the solution. These results were obtained using a one‐stage clotting assay but were not observed using a two‐stage assay. No evidence for activation was found in vitro (e.g. by FPA generation and VIII:C stability) and the yield increase suggested by the one‐stage assay was supported by results from a controlled clinical

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb05141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Baboon red cells were treated to reduce oxygen affinity by an osmotic‐pulse procedure using dimethyl‐sulfoxide. Inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) alone or IHP and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were incorporated into the red cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The procedure produced variable increases in the red cell P50value, i.e., the partial pressure of oxygen at which 50% of the hemoglobin was saturated. The effect of treatment of autologous baboon red cells on the 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value and lifespan T50value was measured using a double‐label procedure. The data demonstrate that the increase in the P50value of treated red cells was negatively correlated with the 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value; the higher the P50value, the poorer the 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value. The 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value for nontreated baboon red cells was 90% and the T50value was 14 days. The IHP‐ATP‐PEG‐treated red cells had significantly higher red cell ATP levels than did IHP‐PEG‐treated red cells. The 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value was 68% for the IHP‐ATP‐PEG treated red cells and 52% for the IHP‐PEG‐treated red cells when the increase in P50ranged from 10 to 20 mm Hg; the lifespan T50value for both the IHP‐ATP‐PEG‐treated red cells and the IHP‐PEG‐treated red cells was 15 days. Osmotic pulse treatment produced significant red cell injury manifested by the 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value. However, modification of the RBC with IHP‐PEG or IHP‐ATP‐PEG to decrease hemoglobi

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb05142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Some of the recommended centrifugation methods for the preparation of platelet concentrates may cause accelerated deterioration of platelets stored in second‐generation containers. The deterioration is characterized by increasing pH, pO2and decreasing pCO2, a high discharge of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and increasing amounts of small particles which have recently been shown to have platelet factor 3 activity [Solberg, C.; Østerud, B.; Little, C.: Thrombosis Res.48: 559–565, 1987]. A short first centrifugation (3,270g, 2 min 15 s) yielded platelets with better storage properties than platelet‐rich plasma prepared with longer centrifugation times (2,200 g, 4 min 30 s and 1,100 g, 6 min). By using multivariate data analysis the effect of different platelet concentrations and metabolic parameters can be used to predict the discharge of LDH or the change in morp

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb05143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Several mouse monoclonal antibodies recognising different epitopes on human erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins a and β (syn: glycophorins A and C, respectively) react with human renal endothelium. Those monoclonal anti‐blood group M and anti‐blood group N antibodies which recognised the M/N epitopes on sialidase‐treated human erythrocytes also reacted with human renal endothelium whilst those which recognise the M/N epitopes on native, but not on sialidase‐treated human erythrocytes were not reactive with human renal endothelium. These results provide evidence for the occurrence of α and β molecules in renal endothelium and suggest that α in renal endothelium is incompletely

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb05144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Alloimmunization against platelet glycoprotein lib and/or IIIa is a complication rarely observed during the evolution of type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenic patients [1,2]. The occurrence of such alloantibodies is usually due to repeated blood transfusions [2, 3]and greatly complicates the treatment of these patients since they prevent effective platelet transfusion and might, theoretically, cause posttransfusion purpura. We describe the case of a newborn thrombasthenic patient who developed an IgG platelet allo‐antibody 1 month after birth. The diagnosis of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia was complicated by the rare platelet phenotype (PLAt‐negative PLA2‐positive) of the healthy mother, which was probably heterozygous for the abnormal thrombasthenic gene. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting techniques demonstrated that the patient antibody was principally directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIIa. Surprisingly, this patient had only received four blood transfusions (fresh frozen plasma on days 1 and 2, and standard red blood cell concentrates on days 5 and 6) before the discovery of the antibody, suggesting prior in utero sensitization. This study emphasizes the need for early diagnosis of the disease. Thrombasthenic patients should be transfused with deleukocyted platelet‐free blood p

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb05145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb05146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Placental transfer of maternal IgG is known to be an active process resulting in a concentration on the fetal side of the circulation ‐ at the apparent expense of that in the mother ‐ at full term. However, when this apparent decrease in maternal IgG is related to the actual hemodilution occurring in parallel, the total inventory of the mother's IgG appears to be constant throughout pregnancy. Therefore, conclusions regarding the variations in IgG concentrations cannot be drawn without simultaneous information about plasma volume fluctuati

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb05147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb05148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY