摘要:

Abstract.Septic injured patients often manifest a deficiency of plasma fibronectin. Several studies have shown improvements in organ function in such patients following infusion of fibronectin‐rich plasma cryoprecipitate, while other studies found no improvement. One explanation for these differences may be the use of plasma crypoprecipitate which has been stored for various time intervals prior to its use as a source of fibronectin. This investigation tested the hypothesis that the opsonic activity of fibronectin in cryoprecipitate may decline with increased storage duration. Using a bioassay of opsonic activity, we evaluated human plasma cryoprecipitate that was stored at either ‐20 or ‐80°C for various intervals (2 weeks to 12 months) after its preparation from fresh donor plasma. Our findings demonstrated that the opsonic activity of fibronectin in cryoprecipitate declined with increasing time of storage. Significant loss (p<0.05) of opsonic activity was first evident after 2 months of storage. Storage at ‐80°C did not prevent this decline in opsonic activity as compared to storage at ‐20 °C. Immunoblot analysis revealed extensive fragmentation of the dimeric fibronectin (440 kdaltons) and the presence of lower molecular weight fragments in 4‐ to 12‐month‐old plasma cryoprecipitate. Therefore, plasma cryoprecipitate of varying ages (storage time) when used as a source of fibronectin for replacement therapy to support phagocytic function in septic injured patients may result in different fibronectin‐mediated responses. The decline in activity may be due, in part, to fragmentation of the

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb03887.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Immunoglobulin samples (HIV‐Ig) were prepared by cold ethanol fractionation of human plasma containing antibody against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The ability to prevent viral spreading was studied using either human T‐cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐I)‐carrying MT‐4 cells or in a coculture system using MOLT‐4 cells and virus‐producing MOLT‐4/HIVHTLV‐IIIBcells. Treatment of HIV‐infected MT‐4 cells with HIV‐Ig effectively blocked the appearance of antigens of HIV and the virus‐induced cytopathic effect. HIV‐Ig blocked multinucleated giant cell formation in the MOLT‐4 and MOLT

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb03888.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is currently widely used as a surrogate marker for detection of blood having a higher risk of transmission of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis (NANBH). Studies in the chimpanzee model, in which the NANBH carrier state is well defined, have revealed gamma‐glutamyltransferase to be considerably more sensitive for the detection of NANBH carrier blood. Further study is required to determine whether this marker is also more sensitive for detection of the chronc NANBH carrier state i

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb03889.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The FDA has recommended that all blood collected in the USA should be screened for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) and for raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as possible indicators of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis carriage. As part of an assessment of the medical and economic implications of such a screening programme, we have screened 1,742 regular blood donors for ALT and 2,086 (including the same 1,742) for anti‐HBc. 42 (2.4%) of the 1,742 donors had ALT levels above 45 units/1. Clinical assessment of 33 of these revealed that 26 exceeded their ideal body weight by more than 10% and 15 by more than 20%. 11 admitted to an alcohol intake of over 40 g daily. In all, 82% of donors with raised ALT had a ‘non‐viral’ clinical explanation for this abnormality. Anti‐HBc was detected in 42 (2.0%) of the 2,086 donors screened. 27 (64%) also had anti‐HBs, and 11 (26%) had anti‐HBe. There was no overlap between donors with raised ALT and those with anti‐HBc. Combined screening would lead to a loss of at least 4.4% of donations in the population studied. In view of the medical and economic implications of the introduction of these screening tests, and the poverty of data on the clinical significance of post‐transfusion non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, we conclude that such a screening programme cannot be justified at present. Further studies are required, including a prospective controlled trial

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb03890.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The relation between donor alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and recipient post‐transfusion hepatitis (PTH) non‐A, non‐B was studied in patients tested before and 6 and 12 weeks after transfusion. The minimum ALT criterion for PTH was 105 IU/1 (>2.5 times the upper normal of 42 IU/1). In 8.8% of donors, ALT was>42 IU/1, and in 2.3% ALT was>63 IU/1, i.e., 1.5 times elevated. PTH non‐A, non‐B occurred in 14 of 742 recipients. The PTH incidence increased when donor ALT was above 63 IU/1 (1.5 vs. 5.6%; p<0.05). However, if the confounding factor of volume variations was compensated for, elevated donor ALT and PTH were only statistically linked among recipients<70 years (p<0.02; Mantel‐Hae

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb03891.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In a prospective study we investigated the development and the course of alloimmunization after leukocyte‐depleted red cell and multiple random donor platelet transfusions in 335 patients. Of these 335 patients, who had a negative antibody screening on admission and a negative transfusion history, 69 (21%) developed either transien (n = 18) or permanent (n=51) lymphocytotoxic antibodies, but only 31 patients (9%; 95% confidence limits 6–12%) developed multispecific alloantibodies necessitating HLA‐matchedplatelet transfusions. There was no difference with regard to the development of antibodies and platelet refractoriness between leukemia patients receiving cytostatic treatment and patients with aplastic anemia receiving prednisone and antithymocyte globulin. Females with previous pregnancies developed platelet refractoriness with an increased incidence(x213.38; p<0.001) compared to females without previous pregnancies, males, and chi

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb03892.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Forty‐one patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA), who had free antibody in their sera, were investigated for the presence of alloimmune erythrocyte antibodies using the ZZAP autoabsorption technique. Patients were subdivided into three risk categories: (I) no prior pregnancy or transfusion; (II) history of pregnancy and/or one to five transfusions; and (III) greater than 5 transfusions. A total of 13 (32%) of the 41 patients exhibited significant alloantibodies. Of 11 category‐I patients 2 (18%) had significant alloantibodies. Eight (31%) of the 26 category‐II patients had significant alloantibodies and 3 (75%) of the 4 category‐III patients had significant alloantibodies after absorption. The majority showed Rh specificity: anti‐E(8), ‐C(3), ‐Cw(1). Anti‐K was found in 6 samples and 1 had anti‐Fya. Alloantibodies had not been suspected prior to autoabsorption in 10 (77%) of the 13 patients with alloantibodies. These findings underline the importance of performing autoabsorption in AIHA when free autoantibody is present in the serum. Additionally, Rh phenotyping performed on ZZAP‐treated cells showed complete agreement with that ascertained using pure IgM Rh typing sera

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb03893.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Approximately 65,000 random blood donors have been screened by a microtitre low ionic strength saline antiglobulin technique over a 12‐month period. Antisera to high frequency antigens including: Vel, Lub, k, Kpb, Ytaand Erawere used. Additional sera including: anti‐Lan, ‐Coa, ‐Sc 1 and an antibody to an unidentified high frequency antigen, Mrs C.A., have been used as they became available. This has enabled the approximate frequencies of donors lacking the corresponding antigen, to be cal

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb03894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A case is reported of an auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia caused by IgM anti‐D. This antibody, although active at 37 °C, gave stronger reactions at lower temperatures and appeared to activate complement. The auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia was probably secondary to a non‐Hodgkins

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb03895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In vivo immune phagocytosis of neonatal monocytes was significantly correlated to the extent of maternal HLA immunization. Monocytes from all 15 neonates of mothers with HLA antibodies show reduced immune phagocytosis. In contrast, this holds true for monocytes from only 6 out of 13 neonates of mothers without detectable HLA antibodies. We infer the hypothesis that maternal HLA antibodies bind to mononuclear phagocytes of the fetus and of the fetal part of the placenta and thus cause inhibition of immune phagocytosis. Thereby, activation and secondary cell or tissue injury will not ensue and rejection of the fetal allograft is prevented in those pregnancies in which maternal alloimmunization occurs.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb03896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY