摘要:

Summary.An evaluation is given of haemolysin, neutralisation, thermostability, saline titration, anti‐Apantibody absorption and 2‐mercapto‐ethanol studies on the sera from 178 clinically affected ABO HD cases and 130 control cases.The antiglobulin titre on the 2‐mercapto‐ethanol treated sera which determines the IgG titre was the best procedure used for the demonstration of significant immune anti‐A/B antibodies in the maternal sera.The screen series on 5,704 sera from group 0 mothers for the detection of immune anti‐A/B and the attempted prediction of ABO HD revealed that ABO HD occurs with a frequency of about 0.8%. Exchange transfusion was needed in six cases i.e. about 0.1% of all the infants of group O mothers screened.The minimum criteria for the diagnosis of ABO HD are the serological demonstration of incompatible anti‐A/B antibodies in an eluate prepared from the baby' red cells, accompanied by the clinical observation of jaundice, or more rarely pallor due to anaemia, in the infant during the first few days following birth.In the absence of elution or serum studies on a blood sample from the baby, the presence of an incompatible high titre (>256) IgG antibody in the maternal serum provides good presumptive evidence that the baby may be suffer

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.When Rh negative male volunteers were given successive small injections of Rh positive blood, it was repeatedly found that rapid clearance of the cells took place in the absence of detectable antibody. It is thought likely that primary immunisation to the D (Rho) antigen had occurred in these cases and that a similar state occurs as a result of Rh positive pregnancies in Rh negative mothers. These findings have a relevance to the assessment of trials in which gammaglobulin anti‐D is given to prevent Rh immunisatio

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The elimination of 1 ml Cr5‐1labelled, D‐positive, ABO‐compatible foetal erythrocytes by 200 μg of intravenously applied immunoglobulin G anti‐D was followed in 9 d‐negative probands. The red cells were quickly removed to the spleen, resulting in an erythrocyte half‐time of between 3 and 6 h. Deposition in other organs was not observed. None of the probands showed active formation of anti‐D antibody at 3 and 7 month afterwards. The intravenously applicable immunoglobulin G anti‐D therefore compares favourably with other preparations currently in use for intramuscular application.The mode of action of antibody mediated suppression of the immune respo

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The effects of adenine and various nucleosides on adenine nucleotide metabolism in red cells, as well as on other factors related to the storability of blood were compared during six weeks of storage under blood bank conditions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and total adenine nucleotides were maintained at higher levels, and higher ratios of ATP to adenine diphosphate were observed, in blood containing citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) solution than in blood containing acid‐citrate‐dextrose (ACD) solution. Higher levels of ATP and total adenine nucleotides were maintained in blood containing ACD together with both adenine and inosine than in blood containing ACD alone or together with only one of the two purines. ACD‐adenine was more effective in maintaining adenine nucleotides than was ACD‐inosine. Addition of uridine did not have any effect on adenine nucleotides in red cells. ATP and total adenine nucleotides were maintained at higher levels in CPD‐adenine than in CPD alone. The effect of CPD‐inosine or CPD‐adenine‐inosine was not investigated. ACD‐inosine caused a marked increase in plasma lactate, and inhibited glucose utilization, during storage. An increase in plasma inorganic phosphate was delayed by the addition of inosine, and this effect was augmented by adenine and guanosine. There were no findings suggestive of a beneficial effect of these additives on active cation transport, osmotic fragility, hemolysis, or the deterioration of blood cell morphology. Ouabain, an inhibitor of ATPase, had little effect on red cell nucleotide patterns or on other biochemical or morphological criteria for blood storage, possibly because of the low acti

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The cross‐reactions of M and N antibodies and the MN antigens of human tissue cells in culture have been investigated by mixed agglutination. Cross‐reactions have been found chiefly between the N antigen of tissue cells and anti‐M and anti‐N antibodies; and between anti‐N antibodies and the M antigen of red cells.Attempts were made to reduce cross‐reactivity by testing the cells at different temperatures and after treatment with enzymes. These conditions were also imposed upon red cells in direct agglutination using the same antisera but there was little correlation between the results of the direct agglutination and mixed agglutin

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Negative results were obtained in an investigation of 118 selected lymphocytotoxic antisera for activity against antigens determined by a locus or loci independent of the HL‐A locus. The sera studied were those not readily identifiable in terms of either generally recognized or tentative HL‐A antigenic specificities, and accordingly were considered appropriate for study to search for nonHL‐A antibodies. It is concluded that antisera active in lymphocytotoxicity tests against nonHL‐A antigens are quite rare.The investigation utilized a sib‐pair method based on the consideration that sibs alike at the HL‐A locus should react alike, except for technical error, to sera detecting only HL‐A antigens and that most such alike sibs should frequently react differently to sera detecting nonHL‐A antigens. Details of the method are described and its sensitivity is illustrated by showing that several red cell antigens were readily detected as determined by loci independent of

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Samples of Immune Serum Globulin (Human) [ISG] stored for 0–11 years at 5°C were examined by ultracentrifugation, starch gel electrophoresis, and solubility in trichloroacetic acid. The extent of proteolytic degradation was dependent on the manufacturing process (salt or ethanol precipitation) and the source (venous, placental, or mixed). Incubation of ISG with added plasmin at temperatures from ‐23°C to 50°C showed that maximum degradation to 3.5 S material occurred at 24°C, relatively little occurred at 45°C, and none occurred at ‐23°C or 50°C. Placental ISG was stored, without added plasmin, for up to 2 years, and the following observations were made: considerably more proteolysis took place at 24°C than at 5°C; heating at 45°C or 50°C prior to storage at 24°C markedly reduced the extent of degradation; and the magnitude of this reduction was the same for samples heated at 45°C for 36 h, 48 h, or 72 h, or at 50°C for 72 h. Heating at 45°C produced minimal changes in the electrophoretic or anticomplementary characteristics of ISG but did result in a marked decrease in the amount of 1

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Data are presented which show the extent of fragmentation found in Immune Serum Globulin (ISG) stored for various intervals of time at 2°C. As an assay of fragmentation in ISG preparations, gel filtration analysis was found to give results which correlated well with those obtained by ultracentrifugation.The pH at which the fraction III is separated in the cold ethanol fractionation process, Method 9, has been shown to be important in determining the stability of the fraction II separated subsequently. When fraction III was precipitated at pH 5.4 instead of pH 5.15‐5.2 the fraction II separated subsequently under the usual conditions yielded ISG solutions which were stable at 2°C. The antibody in this preparation appeared to be normal in quality but reduced in quantity by about 15%. Removal of the fraction III at pH values below pH 5.2 allowed the separation of fraction II which yielded ISG solutions which readily underwent fragmentation during stor

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A technique is described which allows direct visualization of individual proteins in mixtures by specific antiserum after electrophoresis. By minimizing diffusion, it permits rapid, direct, and clear detection of genetic polymorphism and ‘conversion’ of proteins in the complement and coagulation syst

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY