ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb02000.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Antilymphocyte, antigranulocyte and antiplatelet alloantibodies, T lymphocyte subsets, expression of HLA‐DR antigens on T lymphocytes and NK cell function were determined in 11 homozygous β‐thalassemic children multitransfused ab initio with Erypur‐filtered leukocyte‐free red cell units (group A) and in 13 similar children multitransfused with standard packed red cell units (group B). No antibodies were found in group A patients, whereas 69% of group B patients were immunized. The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to the other test results. Considered together, thalassemia patients showed a percentage of T4+cells and a NK cell function that were significantly lower than those found in a reference group of 16 healthy male blood donors. Thalassemics moreover showed a higher than normal percentage of T3+, T4+and T8+cells expressing HLA‐DR antigens.The results indicate that leukocyte‐free red cells should be the treatment of choice for prospective recipients of multiple transfusions, since they are capable of preventing (or delaying) the production of alloantibodies against leukocytes and platelets. From the data of the present study, it does not seem that the transfusion of leukocyte‐free red cells is capable of preventing the abnormalities of some immunological tests that occur in some multitransfused patients. Further investigations, however, are needed to draw conclusions o

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01986.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The Organon Teknika Vironostika anti‐HTLV‐III/LAV test was evaluated in three Danish blood banks. The evaluation comprised in total 3,940 consecutive donors. In all three blood banks the tests were carried out exactly according to the manufacturer's instructions, using a low cut‐off value defined as (4N̄ + P̄)/5, whereN̄ and P̄ are means of optical densities of known negative and positive samples. By this method the overall frequency of repeatably positive samples was 0.30%. When tested by Western blot, however, none of these samples were shown to contain specific antibodies against HTLV‐III/LAV proteins. When testing different categories of patients, only sera containing HLA antibodies gave rise to false‐positive reactions. Finally, important differences in the results were observed regarding sample preparation, single or dual wavelength optical density readings, and the experience of the te

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01987.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The requirements for a present‐day IVIG preparation are outlined. These are mainly: fully preserved activities of the recognition and effector functions of the IgG molecule, a normal subclass distribution, and a normal half‐life after infusion.The therapeutic uses of IVIG preparations are discussed as follows: (1) Antibody substitution in cases of generalized or partial antibody deficiency in immune‐compromised patients. These include the following diseases: hypogamma‐globulinemia (congenital and aquired, including the neonates); drug‐induced and viral immunosuppression. (2) Antibody substitution in cases of selective antibody deficiency in otherwise immune‐competent patients. These include acute cases of consumptive antibody deficiencies of the Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction type; in particular, chronic inflammations which apparently involve ineffective immune responses in which the organism is unable to build up sufficient amounts of antibodies with the required partial specificity, which is indispensable for overcoming the disease. (3) Modulation of the immune system by Ig‐Ig interactions (mainly idiotype‐anti‐idiotype interactions) and Ig‐Fc‐receptor interactions, as it is known from the RES blockade during IVIG treatment of idiopathic t

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The modulation of humoral immunity by complement and complement receptors is presented, as well as the importance of the X chromosome in immune response. Gene rearrangement and ontogeny of the immunoglobulin isotypes are discussed with regard to humoral immunodeficiency diseases.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb02001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In a survey on 82,383 blood donor specimens from Hessen, West Germany, the observed percentage of repeatedly positive HTLV‐III/LAV antibody ELISA results was 0.2%, but only 0.018% were confirmed by Western blot, immunofluorescence assay or radioimmunoprecipitation assay. These data are consistent with larger epidemiological data compiled from other German blood banks and suggest a high degree of nonspecific false‐positive results; one of the causes for false‐positives are HLA‐DR4 antibodies, which react in the HTLV‐III/LAV test. Epidemiological data on 127 dialysis patients and 1,153 prison inmates are

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01988.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A distinction is made between postinfection thrombocytopenia of childhood and idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) of adulthood. Relative advantages of treatment modalities, including splenectomy, are weighed, with an emphasis on the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as an emergency measure in the adult patient with ITP. Management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is also discussed, as is the case of a patient who became alloimmunized after 2 years of multiple transfusions used to treat an arteriovenous malformation of the small bowel.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb02002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01989.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Results of 2 methods to treat infection in the neonate are reported. One study demonstrates a decrease in mortality and recurrent infection when neonates with septicemia were given intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In another study, IVIG was administered to pregnant women with symptoms of infection and at risk for preterm delivery. IVIG infused at high doses after 32 weeks of gestation significantly decreased infection in newborns without affecting term.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb02003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRed cells collected in CPD and suspended in SAGM medium were stored in plastic (PVC) containers for 42 days at +4°C. Comparison was made between aerobic storage (normal air exposure) and anaerobic storage (exposure to nitrogen gas). The air‐exposed units showed a strong increase in pO2 and oxygen saturation as a result of oxygen penetration into the bags from outside. This resulted in a decrease in ATP and adenylate energy charge, a slower metabolization of adenine and hypoxanthine to AMP and IMP, respectively, and a faster decrease in red cell fluidity. To explain the findings it is concluded that aerobic storage causes an increased need of high‐energy phosphate groups, possibly used for replacement of the phospholipid membrane bilayer or in repair of phosphate bonds in the cytoskeleton. It is further proposed that a slight formation of hydrogen peroxide from free oxygen radicals moderately increases the oxidation of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione and slightly enhances the need for reduced nicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotides mainly provided by increased flux through the pentose phosphate

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb00204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY