摘要:

Abstract.The results of a multi‐centre trial of a simple reversed haemagglutination (rHA) technique for hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) screening are presented. rHA was compared with counter‐immunoelectrophoresis (CEP), immunodiffusion (ID) and micro‐complement fixation (CF). Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used as a reference test.In a group of serum panels consisting of 3,700 samples, rHA was generally found more sensitive than CEP and ID, and about as sensitive as CF. In terms of specificity, rHA was found to be equal to CEP and CF and less specific than ID. An absorption procedure proved to eliminate practically all false positives. In a second phase, 41,355 samples from blood donors were tested. On the average, the sensitivity of rHA was superior to that of CEP. rHA detected, with a high degree of specificity, about 40% more positive samples than CEP.These results allow the conclusion that rHA is very suitable for mass HB Ag screening of blood d

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The reactions between IgG and IgM anti‐A and anti‐B and125I‐labelled A and B blood group glycoproteins were investigated by a modification of the Farr technique. Inhibition curves obtained in a radioimmunoassay system indicate that IgM anti‐A and anti‐B antibodies have a significantly higher binding constant for A and B glycoproteins than IgG anti‐A and anti‐B. The observed difference in binding constant may explain the fact that A and B glycoproteins readily inhibit agglutination of A and B red cells by IgM anti‐A and anti‐B but less readily inhibit agglutination by IgG

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Two sera with cytotoxic anti‐HL‐A2 antibodies and haemagglutinins reacting preferably with red cells from HL‐A28‐positive2donors, have been absorbed with several white and red cells. Both cytotoxic and haemagglutinating antibodies are shown to cross‐react with the two antigens. Absorption experiments have also been carried out in two sera with cytotoxic anti‐HL‐A8 activity and haemagglutinins. The results indicate that both the haemagglutinating and the cytotoxic antibodies are directed against the HL‐A8 antigen. The titration and absorption results show that the haemagglutinins are rather abundant in the sera, while the antigenic sites on the red cells are appa

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A possibly new HL‐A specificity, associated with W22, was found in the Japanese. Population and family studies indicate that the gene Sa 1 (frequency 0.0771) behaves as a ‘new’ allele at FOUR sublocus. A case of crossing over between the LA and FOUR loci of the HL‐A system was also described.The HL‐A system of leukocyte antigens is the major histocompatibility system in man, and exhibits a remarkable degree of allelic polymorphism [6, 8, 9]. The 5th Histocompatibility Workshop was devoted to an anthropological survey of HL‐A throughout the world, and 54 different populations were studied by the participating laboratories [7]. These studies have shown that each ethnic group possesses its own characteristic HL‐A profile. Also remarkable is the higher frequency of the unknown HL‐A antigens of the FOUR series in Orientals [1, 10, 12, 13]. Screening for antibodies with cells of Japanese, therefore, will offer a chance of detecting sera against unknown factors.The present study reports the presence of antibody against a possibly new HL‐A specificity, Sa 1, associated with W22, found in the sera of some Japanese multiparous women. In addition, a case of crossing over between the LA and FOUR loci of the HL‐A

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The reliability of the automatic determination of the ABO group on the Groupamatic is explained and backed up with an experience of 600,000 runs. Provided the user observes the rules of conventional serology, this reliability depends upon three essential, combined actions of the machine: identifying the sample, reading serological reactions, processing and printing‐out grouping data. Figures taken from 150,000 ABO groups enable us to compare the frequency of detected weak A sub‐groups with known properties; tests performed on samples of chimeras or of Bombay phenotypes, associated with experimental work on artificial chimeras, confirm the high reliability this automatic system provi

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In albumen and papain tests, strong haemagglutination showed large areas of cell to cell contact, whereas neuraminidase only caused loose agglutination with small areas of cell to cell contact, confirming a previous suggestion that reduced zeta‐potential is not the significant factor in Rh haemagglutination. The ferritin‐labelled anti‐D was only clustered on neuraminidase‐ and papain‐treated cells, possibly these enzymes cause limited membrane mobility.It is postulated that the loose agglutination in neuraminidase tests is due to localised high density of D sites and that the much greater agglutinating activity in papain tests is due to clustering and protease activity. Increased anti‐D antibody uptake is not a critical factor in enzyme tests because cells sensitized and then washed before enzyme treatment were strongly agglutinated. Recent studies have revealed that dextran does not reduce zeta‐potential but acts by adsorption between adjacent cells. We suggest that a similar mechanism may explain the acti

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A51Cr red cell survival study performed on a woman who developed anti‐Ytaduring pregnancy resulting in an extremely reduced lifespan of less than 12 h of incompatible cells. Laboratory tests indicated a ‘dangerous' immune type antibody. However, it did not cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. The discrepancy between the serological and biological behavior raises a question of clinical significa

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Plasma fibrinogen levels were measured in 676 male and 340 female regular blood doncrs by a highly reproducible and accurate assay method. No sex differences were found for any age group compared. Fibrinogen levels rose markedly with increasing age. The mean values in males rose from 271.6 in the youngest (18–29 years) to 347.8 mg% in the oldest (60–69 years) age group (p<0.001), and the values for corresponding female groups were 276.7 and 337.9 mg% (p<0.001). The data indicate the need to refer to age specific level whenever fibrinogen is used as a parameter in medicine. The problems of ‘normal range’ and percentiles are di

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The results of 38 HL‐A and other antigen matching studies revealed an inverse relationship between the percent of donor‐recipient serologic discordance and increases in recipient granulocyte levels 1 h after infusion of donor cells. Selected unrelated, parent, and sibling donors possessing mean percent serologic discordances of 33, 22, and 16, respectively, increased postinfusion granulocyte counts by 10, 46, and 117%, respectively. A mean of 1.58 × 1010total granulocytes collected from sibling donors was associated with a significant elevation of recipient levels, as compared to unfavorable results with the infusion of 2.05 × 1010and 2.31 × 1010total granulocytes harvested from less compatible parent and selected unrelated donors, respec

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.An Rhnullperson, who is believed to be of the amorphic allele type, showed no recognizable deletion or translocation of the segment of the No. 1 chromosome in which the Rh locus is situated.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY