摘要:

AbstractThe aluminium concentration in albumin products has been reduced to ≥100 ppb by an anion exchanger treatment. Furthermore, we have found that this low aluminium concentration in albumin products has been maintained for extensive periods of time, when they are stored in de‐alkalized soft glass contain

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb00323.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent observations have shown that treatment with high‐dose intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIgG) given to the mother may improve fetal outcome in cases of severe Rh D alloimmunization. Unfortunately, the costs of this new method of treatment are too high for routine use. Therefore, we decided to apply this treatment to the fetus and to investigate whether the effect of IVIgG might be attributable to blockade of the fetal mononuclear phagocyte system. We have performed a randomized study in which 20 fetuses with severe Rh D‐haemolytic disease (HDN) were treated with intrauterine intravascular red cell transfusions (IUT). In 10 of these 20 cases transfusions were followed by administration to the fetus of low‐dose IVIgG (85.7 ± 11.6 mg/kg by ultrasound‐estimated fetal weight because of fetal vascular volume considerations). We compared the number of IUTs, postnatal exchange transfusions, haematocrit (Ht) and haemoglobulin (Hb) values before and after transfusion (s) needed by the newborns of the two groups. No significant differences in the transfusion requirements of the fetuses and in the clinical outcome could be demonstrated. However, the 95% confidence interval for the difference in the improvement of cord blood Ht was too wide for any conclusions. The 95% confidence interval for the difference in the improvement of Hb levels suggests that any clinically relevant advantage of IVIgG on Hb is

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb00324.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe electrical impedance of blood is determined mainly by the resistance of the plasma (Rp), resistance of the red cell interior fluid (Ri), and capacitance of the cell membranes (Cm). These parameters were measured on 10 stored blood samples consecutively during 4 or 5 weeks of storage at 4°C, once every week. Compared to the values of fresh samples, a statistically significant decrease in Rpwas found mainly during the first week of storage, Ridid not decrease significantly until after 3 weeks, whereas Cmdecreased progressively with time. These alterations can be explained by known red cell lesions during storage. The results indicate that electrical impedance measurements might be useful for monitoring red cell ageing and assessing the quality of stored red blood cells

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb00325.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb00326.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProlonged storage of red blood cells (RBCs) at 4 °C results in decreased intracellular ATP levels with diminished posttransfusion survival. Meryman described a preservative medium, exceptional in its capacity to increase these intracellular levels during the first weeks of storage and later in maintaining adequate levels, for extended storage periods. We modified this medium, investigated its constituents, and found that its ATP‐preserving effect was unrelated to its tonicity or to the presence of mannitol. Throughout storage, RBC potassium leakage and lactate production were moderate. No evidence of osmotic swelling was detected. In spite of high ATP levels, the cells became echinocytes, thus discounting a direct correlation between shape and metabolic status. The most striking finding in this study was that the prestorage pH of the blood unit (pH 7.0), has a crucial contribution in elevating nucleotide levels in a medium containing high levels of phosphate (18–10 mM) and adenine. We suggest that a combined effect of optimal pH, adenine, glucose and phosphate in the medium contributes to the ability of the RBCs to synthesize the necessary purine nucleotides by the ‘salvage pa

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb00327.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo evaluate changes in the need for homologous blood and to assess the impact of autologous blood transfusion, red cell transfusions in unilateral total hip replacement surgery, performed electively in the period 1986–1991, were studied in a regional hospital. Transfusion data, perioperative blood loss and postoperative haemoglobin concentration of 495 patients were analysed. From 1986 to 1991, the percentage of patients not transfused with homologous blood increased from 18.5 to 45.5%. After the introduction of an autologous blood transfusion programme in 1987, 116 of 430 patients (27.0%) donated autologous blood. No increase in the percentage of autologous donors was observed during the study. Most common reasons for nonparticipation were the patient's age, doctors' underordering and logistic limitations. 81.9% of autologous donors had total hip replacement surgery without homologous transfusions. Mean blood loss reduced significantly from 1,373 ± 781 ml in 1986 to 958 ± 582 ml in 1991 (p<0.001). Transfusion requirement in the nonautologous patients fell from 2.6 ± 1.8 units in 1986 to 1.4 ± 1.4 units per patient in 1989 and increased thereafter to 2.2 ± 2.1 units in 1991 (p<0.01) and showed a strong correlation with blood loss (r = 0.58; p<0.001). No changes in postoperative haemoglobin concentration were observed throughout the study. In conclusion, collection of autologous blood is effective, albeit still underutilized, to reduce homologous blood requirement. The close correlation between blood loss and transfusion requirement accentuates the role of surgical practice in the reduction of homologous transf

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb00328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing a commercial microwave oven (750 W, 2,450 MHz), we compared the use of microwave energy to the commonly used method of acid‐glycine elution (Elu‐Kit II, Gamma Biologicals, Houston, Tex., USA) to elute antibodies from direct antiglobulin test positive red blood cells (RBC). Using a 33% suspension of RBCs in cold saline (1–6°C) in a polypropylene test tube, the microwave technique was comparable for eluting Rh (except anti‐c and anti‐e) and Kell and superior for eluting Duffy, Kidd antibodies while acid‐glycine was superior in eluting S and s antibodies. Consistent results were obtained using the microwave technique when the RBC suspension reached temperature of 57–64°C. Heat or the rate of temperature rise appears to play an important role in the microwave elution process although other not yet identified microwave properties may also be a factor. Microwaves are a quick (8 s) alternative to well‐established methods of elution and have shown to give consistent results in our study. Commercially available microwave ovens vary substantially in power, making it necessary to perform an initial calibration of the microwave in order to determine a location within the microwave cavity where exposure to microwaves will consistently achieve temperatures of 57–64°C in

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb00329.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have measured the H type 1, Leaand Lebantigens in the saliva from 129 Japanese individuals by a time‐resolved europium ion fluorometric immunoassay using artificial antigen‐albumin complexes as the reference substances. We confirmed that the amount of Lebwas larger than that of Leain the saliva from secretors (Lea–b+) and vice versa in the saliva from nonsecretors (Lea+b–). Unexpectedly, we discovered appreciable amounts of Lebwith small amounts of H type 1 in the saliva from the nonsecretors. The concentration of Lebwas about 10, 6 and 35% of the concentration of the Leain the saliva from the nonsecretors of the A, B and O groups, respectively. The possible formation of Lebfrom Lea, in addition to the formation of Lebfrom H type 1, in the salivary glands is di

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb00330.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe present new genetic evidence obtained from population studies on Finns and from the studies on Finnish blood donors as well as their selected families using an antibody that defines a novel high‐incidence Rh antigen MAR. Anti‐MAR antibody shows an antithetical relationship to both anti‐Cwand anti‐Cx. The Rh antigens Cw(RH8) and, more strikingly, Cx(RH9) have each an exceptionally high frequency in Finns. Our studies on their genetic relationship indicate that the three antigens Cw, Cxand MAR behave as if being determined by alleles of the same Rh sub‐system. Furthermore, we conclude that this sub‐system manifests an inheritance pattern that is distinct from but analogous to that of the two well‐known allelic sub‐systems of C/c a

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb00331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe first case of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) due to anti‐Ulaantibodies is described. The infant had severe anemia with a positive direct antiglobulin test with anti‐IgG that required blood transfusion. But jaundice was not severe enough for exchange transfusion or photother

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb00332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY