摘要:

AbstractInter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor (ITI) is a serine protease inhibitor found in human plasma. Its antiprotease activity is due to bikunin which is effective in various types of experimental shock and pancreatitis. Therefore ITI, which releases bikunin by proteolytic cleavage, could be of therapeutic interest. A method for the large‐scale isolation of ITI from human plasma is described. ITI was purified from the prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) by diethylaminoethyl‐Sepharose fast‐flow chromatography followed by a chromatographic step on immobilized heparin designed to remove C4, factor X and protein C. With this procedure, which was performed under mild conditions, a homogeneous preparation of native ITI was obtained, as demonstrated by electrophoretic and chromatographic analyses. ITI maintained its biological activity, as exhibited by its specific antitryptic activity of 420+65 IU/g. In order to decrease or eliminate the risk of transmission of viral disease due to lipid‐enveloped viruses, the process incorporated a solvent‐detergent treatment. Animal studies on the final product revealed no adverse side‐effects in terms of toxicity, thrombogenicity or hypotension. This preparation appears suitable for therapeutic evaluation in animal exp

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe report here results of in vitro comparisons of the Fc functional activity of a second‐generation intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) preparation (Venoglobulin®‐I) and a third‐generation IGIV product that includes a deliberate virus‐inactivation step (Venoglobulin®‐S). Both formulations showed equivalent Fc‐mediated function against viral antigens (rubella, influenza A, and influenza B) by single‐radial hemolysis test, and against group BStreptococcus, Staphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coliby opsonophagocytosis assay. In addition, we showed by three different immunochemical reactions and by HPLC analysis that both preparations consisted of mostly monomeric IgG and contained very low levels of complement‐fixing IgG aggregates. However, IgG aggregation induced by heating at 63°C markedly enhanced fixation of C1q and C3 and binding to Raji cells, indicating that the IgG molecules retained their complement‐fixing capacity. Thus, the incorporation of a virus inactivation step in the manufacture of our third‐generation IGIV did not alter the Fc functional activities of the IgG, as measured by these

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTerminal dry heat treatment effectively inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV) and canine parvovirus added to high‐purity factor VIII. After 24 h at 80°C, HAV infectivity was reduced by ≥4.3 log10TCID50, as measured in a newly developed infectivity assay. The same reduction in virus titer was achieved after 2 h and before 6 h at 90°C. Inactivation of hepatitis A virus was also seen in the freeze‐drying step prior to heat treatment with an approximately 2.0 log10reduction in titer. Similar results were obtained with a high‐purity factor IX concentrate. Canine parvovirus was also inactivated at both temperatures, with residual infectivity being undetected after 48 h at 80°C or 10 h at 90°C. Canine parvovirus was not affected by lyophilisation. Canine parvovirus measurements by PCR did not reflect the levels of infectivity measured by the tissue‐culture‐based method. The addition of the terminal dry heat treatment to solvent/detergent could effectively eliminate the potential contamination of solvent/detergent‐treated coagulation factor concentrates by non‐lipid‐enveloped viruses. However, careful evaluation for any increased induction of non‐antigens for factor VIII, as a consequence of such treatment, is needed before use in pati

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecently, a new method for noninvasive detection of bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates was described [Arpi et al: Vox Sang 1993;65:335–336]. A CO2‐sensitive label is applied on the outer surface of the plastic container of the platelet concentrate. When any contaminating bacteria have increased the pCO2to a certain level the label changes color, indicating bacterial growth. We have studied this technique and applied such sensitive labels both directly onto PCs and onto plastic bags with culture medium into which platelet contents have been transferred. However, in both cases the sensitivity of the technique was found insufficient for practical quality control of PCs. There seem to be two problems with this principle: (1) platelets produce CO2and (2) a considerable amount of the gas passes beside the detection label, in this way decreasing the sensitivity of detection by the label. This noninvasive technique was compared with an invasive method using automated bacterial culture, which was found sensitive and ra

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe closely observed 86 transfusions to multitransfused hematologic patients with leukocyte‐depleted platelet concentrates (PCs) prepared from buffy coats (BC PCs), filtered either prior to storage (BC1) or after 3–4 days' storage (BC3). The patients were first given, randomly, either BC1 or BC3, and were thereafter used as their own controls by giving them the two BC types alternately. The results were compared with an earlier study on standard platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) PCs (46 transfusions to 23 patients) and leukocyte‐depleted PRP PCs (23 transfusions to 12 patients). There was no difference in adverse reactions between BC1 and BC3 PCs, but BC PCs caused significantly fewer and milder adverse reactions than PRP PCs. Febrile reactions (FTR) occurred in 4.6%, urticarial skin reactions in 21%, and pulmonary reactions in 0% of BC PC transfusions (17, 29 and 0% of patients). The mean corrected increments (CI) at 16–18 h were higher after BC1 PCs than BC3 PCs (10.3 vs. 8.0, p = 0.046). We conclude that adverse reactions are reduced by use of BC PCs. Prestorage leukocyte depletion may improve platelet i

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe report the results of 72 leukapheresis procedures performed for autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection in 18 patients with lymphoma and myeloma, after combined mobilization with cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). The numbers of mononuclear cells (MNCs), CD34+ cells and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐forming units (CFU‐GM) either in the peripheral circulation (preleukapheresis sample) or in the product obtained from leukapheresis (leukapheresis sample) were evaluated. A highly superior proportion of CD34+ cells (14‐fold) and CFU‐GM (5‐fold) resulted from the mobilization therapy. CFU‐GM and CD34+ cells were highly enriched with respect to all MNCs (relative recoveries: 2.13, range 0.3–41, and 1.08, range 0.2–8.5, respectively) due to an additional mobilization effect by the leukapheresis procedure. Also, a relatively strong linear correlation between the three different parameters was found in the leukapheresis product (CD34+:CFU‐GM, r = 0.81; MNCs:CD34, r = 0.69; MNCs:CFU‐GM, r = 0.75; CFU‐GM:CD34+, and MNCs, r = 0.85). Our data suggest that the number of MNCs and CD34+ cells obtained after combined mobilization with cyclophosphamide and G‐CSF can be used as predictor of the number of

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe demonstrated a relationship between blood transfusion and plasma ET‐1 levels in 10 premature infants with anemia. Changes in plasma ET‐1 and lipoperoxide levels, blood pressure and available oxygen before and after the blood transfusion were determined. Plasma ET‐1 levels were significantly elevated after blood transfusion (before: 8.0+2.8; after: 15.7+5.4 pg/ml, p<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between plasma ET‐1 levels and lipoperoxide levels (r = 0.887, p<0.01). There was a significant correlation between plasma ET‐1 levels and transfused blood volumes (r = 0.758, p<0.01). No positive correlation was observed between plasma ET‐1 levels and available oxygen. These results suggest that blood transfusion may be a stimulator of ET‐1 overproduction and that it may lead to tissue injury through an endothelin‐induced oxygen radical f

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTransfusion‐associated respiratory distress occurred more often in the past in Taiwan but recently only very rarely. From the results of our studies it would appear that the former cases did not represent immune reactions involving red blood cells, serum proteins (especially IgA), HLA or granulocyte‐specific antigens. Other causes, such as improper handling of the blood units may have been involved, but further study is also needed to investigate the possibility of the role of cytokine release from leukocytes or other factors. In addition, it appears that both plasma and serum obtained by recalcification of plasma may cause false‐positive reactions in the granulocyte microagglutination

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study, based on responses to a questionnaire, was undertaken to define problems in and formulate solutions for improving blood safety in developing countries as part of an effort to monitor the status of blood transfusion services globally. Despite improvements between 1988 and 1992, only 66% of developing countries (DGCs) and 46% of least developed countries (LDCs) screen all blood donations for antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses; 72% DGCs and 35% LDCs test all donations for hepatitis B surface antigen and 71 and 48%, respectively, for syphilis. The antihuman globulin test is performed routinely in 62% DGCs and 23% LDCs, and inadequate quality assurance in all aspects of preparatory testing is a major weakness in many countries. The blood supply is usually insufficient: none of the LDCs and 9% of the DGCs collect 30 units or more per 1,000 of the population annually. Blood donor systems are totally voluntary and non‐remunerated in 15% DGCs and 7% LDCs; 80% DGCs and 93% LDCs rely totally or partially on replacement donors and 25% of both groups on paid donations. The proportion of repeat donors is low (medians: 47% in DGCs, 20% in LDCs), and discard rates for collected blood are often high (up to 33%). Most of the blood collected is transfused as whole blood, and most DGCs and LDCs have inadequate supplies of plasma substitutes for management of acute haemorrhage. The reasons for these problems and suggested solutions are discusse

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe performed a flow‐cytometric analysis of the expression of D antigen in D+w samples (previously termed Du). We also analysed a series of D‐positive and D‐negative (cde phenotype) samples to obtain positive and negative controls, respectively. The evaluation was carried out by immunofluorescence and the intensity of positivity was expressed as mean channel value (MCV) of fluorescence. Results demonstrated that D+w samples have lower expression (less than 1 log) than D‐positive cases (p>0.001, Student t test), while cde samples show the same MCVs as negative controls. Moreover, it was also possible to set a grading of D antigen expression and to analyze cases difficult to assess by agglutinati

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY