ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe report here the results of our evaluation of virus inactivation during the manufacturing steps of two intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) preparations. Virus inactivation and/or removal by processing steps, such as ethanol fractionation and polyethylene glycol precipitation, and deliberate virucidal steps, such as solvent/detergent treatment and pasteurization, were tested on a variety of human pathogenic and experimental model viruses, including human immunodeficiency, Hepatitis C, Mumps, Vaccinia, Chikungunya, Vesicular Stomatitis, Sindbis, and ECHO viruses. All viruses were successfully inactivated and/or eliminated by the processing steps studied. In some cases, however, multiple steps were required. We conclude that the incorporation of steps deliberately designed to inactivate or remove viruses during the production of IGIV provides an extra measure of viral safety.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that an additive solution containing ammonium chloride (NH4+) and phosphate (Pi) in addition to adenine, glucose and mannitol would support red blood cell (RBC) in vitro characteristics and in vivo 24‐hour viability after storage for 9 weeks. The purpose of the present study was to determine if NH4+generated by the action of glutaminase on glutamine could be substituted for added NH4+salts. Packed RBCs were stored with equal volumes of adenine, glucose, mannitol, and citrate containing additive solutions with 10 mMglutamine (EAS 31) or with 10 mMglutamine and either 10 (EAS 36) or 20 mM(EAS 37) Pi. One aliquot was stored with Adsol®. The mean ATP levels of the RBCs stored in the glutamine plus phosphate EASs were 132 (10 mMPi) and 144% (20 mMPi) of the initial levels at 28 days, and at 84 days remained at 48 and 56%, respectively. The ATP levels of the RBC stored in Adsol were 105 and 25% at 28 and 84 days of storage, respectively. Percentage hemolysis and vesiculation was significantly lower (p<0.01) for RBCs stored in glutamine and glutamine plus phosphate as compared to RBCs stored in Adsol. The levels of NH4+were 22 to 34% higher in the EASs than in Adsol at the end of 84 days of storage, suggesting that glutamine is broken down by glutaminase to generate NH4+. The mean corpuscular volumes (MCVs) of RBCs in EASs 36 and 37 were substantially higher than in Adsol throughout the course of storage (p<0.01). However, the MCVs in the additive containing glutamine and no Pi were higher only for 42 da

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of incubation at mildly elevated temperatures on HIV‐1 inactivation and in vitro red blood cell properties were investigated. Red cells (55% Hct) were leukodepleted (3 log10) by filtration, maintained at 45 or 47°C for 4 or 8 h, and then stored at 4°C. Hemolysis was twice that of controls after 42‐day storage for samples treated for 4 h at 45°C, and five times larger for samples heated at 47°C. There was also a significant increase in the rate of potassium loss, an early decrease in ATP levels, and an initial drop in pH for samples treated at either temperature. Larger differences were observed for samples exposed to these elevated temperatures for 8 h. Osmotic deformability curves obtained by ektacytometry showed dramatic decreases in red cell deformability at both temperatures and for both time periods. HIV‐1 inactivation in red cells treated at 45°C (approximately 0.25 log10/h) was considerably less than that obtained in tissue culture medium (1–2 log10/h). Since the decrease in red cell deformability is likely to indicate reduced red cell function and survival, and the rate of HIV‐1 inactivation is low, mild heat treatment is not an adequate process for viral inactivation of red

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA newly developed filter for prestorage leucocyte depletion of platelet concentrates (PC) was studied. The filter is designed for leucocyte depletion during the preparation of the pool PC from platelet rich buffy coats. In all the leucocyte depleted PC (LD‐PC) leucocyte depletion was satisfactory. 19 of 20 units of LD‐PC had a leucocyte content below 3times105per PC and 1 contained 8times105leucocytes. The standard PC contained 2.53times108(0.87times108–15.3times108; n = 20) leucocytes per PC (median and range). The quality of the LD‐PC was evaluated by measuring platelet activation, platelet morphology, and pre‐ and poststorage pH. There were no differences in any of the parameter

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSingle donor platelets obtained using the COBE Spectra were split into two halves and administered to alloimmunized patients with leukemia at two different points in time. The mean platelet yield was 6.83 times 1011(n = 63) with 56% of collections having yields of>6.0times1011(i.e. twice the current AABB recommendation for an apheresis platelet transfusion). In 58 instances, the two halves were administered to the same patient 24–96 h apart. The differences in the correct increments of the split transfusions administered 24–48 h apart were not statistically significant, although there were decreased increments after 72 and 96 h of storage. In 5 instances when the CCI for first transfusion was unacceptably low, the second half was successfully transfused to another patient. This study proves it is feasible to split apheresis platelets into two transfusions, and discusses approaches to optimally use this strategy for the transfusion support of alloimmunized patie

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBlood donation volumes less than 350 ml are classified as ‘undercollected’ at the NSW Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service (BTS) and are discarded. This study evaluated the in vitro characteristics during storage of both undercollected units and units of acceptable volume. Thirty‐two units of whole blood were each collected into 63 ml of CP2D‐A, with blood volumes ranging from 180 to 456 ml. The units were stored between 4 and 6°C for 35 days and in vitro measurements were performed weekly. Biochemical parameters measured included ATP, extracellular pH, total haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell volume, plasma sodium and potassium, plasma haemoglobin, 2,3‐DPG and lactate levels. All parameters were within the BTS acceptable quality control limits for whole blood. Thus, it appears feasible to transfuse undercollected units with volumes between 180 and 350 ml. However, routine transfusion of undercollected homologous units is undesirable. In contrast, it may be preferable to transfuse an autologous unit, even if it was undercollected. The performance of in vivo survival studies would provide confirmatory data on this p

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe assessed hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 99 asymptomatic blood donors positive using a first‐generation HCV antibody assay. When tested with second‐generation assays, 86 (87%) donors were reactive (group 1), 2 (2%) were indeterminate (group 2), and 11 (11%) were non‐reactive (group 3). Viraemia was revealed by polymerase chain reaction in all group 1 cases. The 2 group 2 cases and 6 (55%) group 3 cases were also viraemic. Viraemia was confirmed by a branched DNA assay in the 2 group 2 cases and 4 (36%) group 3 cases. Serum HCV RNA levels were further studied using a competitive reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction assay. All cases in groups 2 and 3 were low viraemic (range 104–105.5copies/ml) compared with the 9 group 1 cases examined (range 107–109copies/ml). No correlation was evident between viraemic levels and antibody cut‐off index in the first‐generation assay. These findings indicate the possibility that low levels of viraemia can occur in individuals non‐reactive in second‐generation

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a series of 6 multitransfused, immunocompromised patients, the diagnosis of posttransfusion hepatitis C was based upon the analysis of long‐term follow‐up serum samples. The HCV RNA was detected by a nested PCR assay using primers located in the 5′ noncoding region (5′NCR), and anti‐HCV antibodies were assayed with third‐generation tests. The interval between the first rise in alanine aminotransferase and seroconversion varied from less than 5 months to more than 38 months. Five out of 6 patients seroconverted after 14 months or later. In most cases, the anti‐NS3 and anti‐NS4 antibodies appeared first. In such patients, the etiology of chronic liver disease may thus be overlooked for 1 or more years, a definitive diagnosis requiring the detec

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship of haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) to the transplacental passage of the four IgG subclasses was assessed at varous gestational ages by comparing the maternal and fetal IgG subclass concentrations in 34 pregnancies at risk of HDN with those in 30 pregnancies not at risk. Higher maternal and fetal IgG1 levels were attained in pregnancies at risk of HDN than in pregnancies not at risk. In contrast, a slight decrease in maternal IgG2 and IgG4 levels occurred in pregnancies at risk of HDN, as compared with a slight rise in maternal IgG2 and IgG4 levels in pregnancies not at risk of HDN. Changes in fetal IgG2 and 4 concentrations in either type of pregnancy were very similar, showing only slight increases between the 19th and 34th week of gestation. A slight decrease in maternal IgG3 occurred in both types of pregnancy. In contrast, higher and fairly steady levels of fetal IgG3 were observed in fetuses not at risk of HDN throughout gestation, when compared with those in ‘at risk’ pregnancies. However, the statistical reliability of these results is not clear since only small numbers of samples were tested and because wide variations in IgG concentrations were observed. The IgG subclass concentrations in 50 paired maternal and cord blood samples were also measured and revealed that IgG1 levels were substantially higher in cord rather than maternal blood; cord and maternal IgG2, 3 and 4 levels, on the other hand, were fairly simi

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY