摘要:

AbstractThe concentration of aluminum was determined in samples of source plasma collected by the normal plasmapheresis procedure, which involves collection in anticoagulant and immediate freezing. Samples of sodium citrate anticoagulant used in the collection of source plasma were also tested for aluminum, as were empty source plasma containers and 0.9% sodium chloride infusion (USP). Samples of source plasma were collected from a geographic cross‐section of the donor population in the USA by three different manufacturers. Aliquots of these samples were mixed with Triton X‐100 and sulfuric acid and analyzed for aluminum by atomic absorption spectrometry using electrothermal atomization (graphite furnace) and Zeeman background correction. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation for the aluminum content of 28 samples of source plasma were found to be 25.5 ± 8.4 ng Al/ml. The aluminum content of the individual samples of source plasma ranged from 12 to 48 ng Al/ml. The aluminum content of 6 samples from two manufacturers of the sodium citrate anticoagulant that is used in source plasma ranged from 410 to 2,080 ng/ml. Aluminum levels found in saline for infusion and nitric acid leachates from empty source plasma containers were less than 6.9 ng/ml. The level of aluminum expected in uncontaminated human blood has been estimated to be 10 ng Al/ml or less. Comparison of this figure with the present data indicates that the sodium citrate anticoagulant contributes significantly to the aluminum load of source plasma and, therefore, to the aluminum content of products such as albumin derived from source pl

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe interaction of temperature and pH in biological systems comprises two components. Temperature change may perturb the pH of solutions, and it may change the pKa of some ionizable groups that are involved in enzyme catalysis. The pH optima of single reactions and whole pathways are therefore temperature sensitive. The pH optimum of glycolysis in human red cells has been investigated only at 37°C. We have measured the effect of temperature on the pH of stored blood suspensions and on the pH optimum of glycolysis in the human red cell. The pH of the cell suspensions in a traditional storage medium was 7.25 ± 0.2 at 4°C. The pH optimum of glycolysis was high (7.8–8.5) between 15 and 35°C. It can be inferred from our data that human red cells are currently stored at least 0.5 pH units below the pH optimum of glycolysis at 4°C. This suggestion is supported by storage experiments which showed that glycolysis at 4°C was at least 1.5‐fold more active at an initial pH of 7.67 versus 7.36. Equations which describe the variation in reaction velocity with pH were fitted to the pH curves for glycolysis in order to identify the ionizable groups that contribute to the effect of pH on glycolysis. It is generally accepted that hexokinase catalyses the rate‐limiting step in glycolysis in the human red cell, but none of the ionizable groups implicated correspond to that involved in the hexokina

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe leukocyte depletion capacity and performance of 5 filters designed for filtration of red cell concentrates (RCC) were compared by counting leukocytes, measuring red cell volumes and by histological examination of the filters after use. To eliminate interdonor differences, 5 buffy‐coat‐poor RCC were pooled (in each of 10 experiments) and subsequently split up into the original bags. The RCC were passed over the Cellselect filter, a column filled with cellulose acetate, and over flat‐bed polyester filters: the Cellselect Optima, the Pall RC 50, the Leukostop and the Sepacell R‐500.The filtration was shortest with the Pall RC 50 (p<0.001 compared to the other 4 filters). Leukocyte removal was most effective with the cellulose acetate filter (p<0.01 compared to the other 4 filters) followed by the Cellselect Optima polyester filter (p<0.02 compared to the remaining 3 filters). Residual leukocytes did not exceed 50 × 106for any brand of filter. Red cell recovery was similar for all 5 filters with mean values from 86.1 to 89.2%.The leukocyte numbers, counted in Türk's solution or in propidium iodide, gave comparable values in hemocytometers applying light microscopy or fluorescent microscopy, respectively.Histological examination showed that lymphocytes were mainly removed by trapping, whereas granulocytes showed a variable pattern: adhesion in presence of platelets or

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlatelet concentrates prepared from pooled buffy coats (BCPC) were stored in Plasma‐Lyte A, a glucose‐free synthetic medium, after leukocyte depletion by filtration through Pall PL 50, and compared to paired unfiltered BCPC stored in the same medium. Each pair of BCPC units was prepared from a pool of 10 buffy coats split into two indentical units. Platelet and leukocyte counts per unit of BCPC were 2.70±0.19 × 1011and 3.8±2.8×106(filtered BCPC), 2.59 ±0.27×1011and 79±56×106(control BCPC), respectively. Filtration procedures did not affect in vitro parameters of platelet quality and function such as osmotic reversal, ATP release and aggregation in response to collagen and ADP during 15‐day storage. A similar decrease of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib and a similar rise of activation markers GMP‐140, gp 53 and platelet‐bound fibrinogen were observed during storage of filtered and control BCPC. Our study indicates that storage of BCPC after filtration is feasible and that a reduction in leukocyte content by filtration to mean cell counts of less than five millions per unit has probably no effect on platel

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe glucose‐free platelet‐additive solution (termed AR solution), developed by Adams and Rock [Transfusion 1988;28:217—220], was modified by adding glucose as an energy substrate for platelets and maltose to prevent platelet lysis and by replacing sodium gluconate with sodium phosphate for better pH maintenance. The new platelet‐additive solution (termed Seto solution) contained 90 mM NaCl, 5mM KCl, 3mM MgCl2, 17 mM tri‐sodium citrate, 4.9 mMNaH2PO4, 20.1 mMNa2HPO4, 23 mMsodium acetate, 28.8 mMmaltose, and 23.5 mMglucose with a pH of 7.4. The solution was sterilized by autoclaving in plastic bags in nitrogen to prevent glucose caramelization at high pH. Plasma‐poor platelet concentrates prepared by adding Seto solution to the pelleted platelet buttons were stored in a LE‐2 polyolefin bag at 22 °C with constant agitation for 5 days. The platelets suspended in Seto solution maintained oxygen consumption at a rate of 1.1 nmol/min/109platelets after 5‐day storage, with glucose consumption and lactate production rates of 0.5 ± 0.2 and 1.2 ± 0.2 nmol/min/109platelets, respectively. This resulted in a final mean pH of 7.0. Those suspended in AR solution ceased glycolysis within 3 days because residual plasma glucose had been consumed. This was associated with decreases in percent hypotonic shock response and aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate and collagen. Lactate dehydrogenase discharge in AR solution was 5 and 8 times higher at day 3 and day 5, respectively, than that of Seto solution. Morphologically, there were no ballooned platelets after storage in Seto solution. Platelets stored in Seto solution were nearly equal to those stored in plasma. Conclusions: Steam‐sterilized Seto‐additive solution caused better storage of platelets for 5 days than AR solution, suggesting that glucose is important for optimal storage. Phosphate acts as an effective buffer and maltose stabi

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeropositivity to hepatitis B, C and D viruses was studied in 66 Saudi haemodialysis patients from Al Baha region, south of Saudi Arabia, and was compared to that in 380 healthy Saudis from the same region. The results showed that HCV is endemic in this region (3.6%) and the prevalence of anti‐HCV in the haemodialysis patients was 45.5%, which is the highest reported so far in this group of patients. Anti‐HCV was related to the amount of blood transfused (>5 units) and the duration of dialysis (>3 years). The region is also hyperendemic for hepatitis B virus (67.4% overall exposure rate in controls compared to 75.7% in haemodialysis patients) and hepatitis D virus (HDV; 11.4% in controls compared to 12.5% in haemodialysis patients). The similarity in profile of HBV markers and HDV between haemodialysis patients and controls indicates that the current strategy regarding HBV is quite effective, in preventing the transmission of HBV and hence HDV but not HCV in haemodialysis patients. A strategy for preventing HCV is recommen

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reference range of serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) for the local population was established by testing 5,000 random voluntary Chinese blood donors of various age groups of both sexes. In addition, 1,769 serum samples with elevated ALT levels were also collected for anti‐HCV assays using both the Abbott and Ortho anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) assay kits. The relationship between serum ALT and anti‐HCV tests was studied and the performances of both kits used were compared. It was found that while the prevalence of serum anti‐HCV was 0.4% among hepatitis B surface antigen‐negative donors with normal ALT, subjects with ALT between 2 and 3 standard deviations (SD) and>3 SD above the mean level had respective prevalence of anti‐HCV 3 and 9.5 times that of the normal ALT subjects. Both anti‐HCV kits were found to identify in majority the same positive population among the different groups of subjects studied. In addition, it was observed that for subjects who were anti‐HCV‐positive, the higher the serum ALT level, the higher the mean anti‐HCV ELISA ratio and this observation was similar for both anti‐HCV kits used. We conclude that: (1) there is a direct relationship between serum ALT level and anti‐HCV positivity by EIA; (2) there is a direct correlation between serum ALT level and anti‐HCV ELISA ratio, and (3) both Abbott and Ortho anti‐HCV kits perform similarly in the identificatio

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hematologic and transfusion data of a multicenter randomized trial investigating the effect of blood transfusions on the 5‐year survival were used to study the feasibility of an autologous blood donation program in colorectal cancer patients. Three hundred and ten patients were randomized for autologous blood transfusions (predeposition of 2 units) or homologous blood transfusions, and transfusion rules were standardized.The Hb level in the patients who donated blood decreased by 20.1 ± 1.3 g/1 (mean ± SEM) preoperatively and 4.5 ± 1.8 g/1 postoperatively, and in controls 3.7 ± 1.1 g/1 and 16.5 ± 1.9 g/1 (significantly different between the two groups, both pre‐ and postoperatively: p<0.01). Because blood loss and number of transfusions were similar in both groups, this indicated that either preoperative or postoperative erythropoiesis is stronger in patients who had donated blood. Twenty‐three percent of the autologous patients and 61% of the homologous patients were exposed to homologous blood. The effectiveness of the procedure differed per tumor localization. In patients with a right‐sided colon carcinoma, 22% of the control patients needed homologous blood, compared to 10% of the autologous patients. In patients with other colon carcinomas, this was 52 and 16%, respectively, and in patients with a rectal carcinoma 85 and 41%.We conclude that predeposition of 2 units of blood for colorectal cancer surgery is feasible and useful to prevent homologous blood usage in a significant number of patients with left colon carcinoma or rect

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe report describes a HPA‐1a (Zwa)‐negative woman with thrombocytopenia and antibodies in serum and eluate from autologous platelets with an operational anti‐HPA‐1a specificity. The results of the serological investigations were similar to the findings in most patients suffering from post‐transfusion purpura. However, the present patient had no history of blood transfusion prior to the unset of purpura and the thrombocytopenia had persisted 6 months before sp

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBlood group typing of an aged patient suffering from ileus provided evidence for an acquired B. As a parameter independent of cell membrane molecules or secreted blood group substances, the nucleotide sequence polymorphism of A and B transferases was investigated. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of DNA chains amplified in a polymerase chain reaction from the coding region of the glycosyltransferase indicated that no gene for B transferase was present in the patient's genome. We conclude that the assessment of polymorphism of ABO blood group transferase can be used as a marker independent of blood group molecules for confirming a suspected acquired B.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY