摘要:

Abstract.Recent advances in the development and assessment of synthetic oxygen transport fluids based on perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are reviewed. The basic properties of PFCs are outlined, together with the selection criteria for biomedical applications. PFCs must be emulsified for intravascular use and attention is focussed on the formulation and biocompatibility testing of both first‐ and second‐generation emulsions and their components in man and other species. The multidisciplinary applications for PFCs in medicine and basic biomedical research are described, including the clinical use of Fluosol‐DA 20% as an oxygen‐carrying perfusate in percutaneous transluminal coronary angi

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00888.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Large‐scale adaptation of a recently reported glycine precipitation method for the production of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate is described. Scaling up of the method required some modification including the addition of aluminum hydroxide to the glycine buffer to reduce the level of contaminating proteins in the final preparation and the use of centrifugation to replace filtration by glass beads. Furthermore, the resultant product was virus inactivated by incorporation of the organic solvent and detergent technique. At industrial level, the modified method gave a good recovery of FVIII activity (230 IU/l plasma) with high purity (4 IU/mg protein). The final product, after virus inactivation and lyophilization, yielded 185 IU of FVIII activity per liter of starting plasma and was considered to be suitable for clinical evaluatio

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00889.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of automated removal of increasing volumes of buffy coat in a ‘top and bottom’ system on the composition of red cell concentrates (RCC) was investigated. The volume of the buffy coat was adjusted to group 1: 50 ml (n = 31), group 2: 70 ml (n = 31) and group 3:100 ml (n = 31), respectively. The numbers of platelets and leukocytes in the buffy coats were comparable between the groups, whereas the red cell volumes in the buffy coats showed a significant difference (17 ± 3.6 ml group 1, versus 22 ± 4.1 ml group 2 and 26 ± 3.8 ml group 3; p<0.001). The volumes, hematocrits and cell counts of the RCC were not significantly different. The plasma volumes were inversely correlated with the volume of buffy coat removed, i.e. 268 ± 19 ml group 1, versus 257 ± 15 ml group 2 and 233 ± 20 ml group 3 (p<0.001). We conclude that in the ‘top and bottom’ system an increase of the volume of the buffy coat from 50 to 100 ml did not improve the quality of the RCC regarding contamination with leukocytes

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00890.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Platelet concentrates stored for up to 5 days at room temperature or irradiated with 15 Gy immediately prior to transfusion were evaluated for their ability to increase the platelet count in thrombocytopenic patients. Platelets irradiated with a dose of 15 Gy immediately prior to transfusion achieved corrected increments (CI) at 1 and 20 h after transfusion no different from those achieved by non‐irradiated platelets. Storage for 5 days reduced the mean 1‐hour CI to 5.7 compared with a mean of 12.3 achieved by platelets transfused after only 1‐day storage (p = 0.008). Similary, the frequency of a repeat transfusion being indicated within 24 h increased with increasing storage time (p = 0

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00891.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We have compared 118 platelet‐rich plasma donations collected using the Autopheresis‐C Platelet cellTM(Auto C) with 166 donations using the Haemonetics PCS. The median platelet yield from the Auto C was superior (2.51 vs. 1.54 × 1011) although collection times differed (60 vs./40min). There was greater variability in the platelet yield from the Auto C (0.45–5.6 VS./0.26–2.8 × 1011), but leucocyte contamination was not significantly different. After secondary processing, there was significantly less residual platelet‐poor plasma (272 vs. 369 ml). Platelet function assessed during 5 days of storage was satisfactory for both, although platelet aggregation responses to collagen and adenosine diphosphate were superior in the Auto

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00892.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.National yearly surveys were carried out between 1985 and 1989 to determine the prevalence of antibodies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Finnish patients with bleeding disorders. From 192 out of the 214 haemophiliacs (90%) tested, 2 patients were positive for anti‐HIV. No seropositivities were found after 1985. Fourteen out of 21 patients (67%) with type III von Willebrand's disease, and 7 out of 8 patients (88%) with factor XIII deficiency were tested with negative results. The low prevalence of anti‐HIV (0.94%; 2/213 tested), is mainly due to the self‐sufficiency for clotting factors, the low prevalence of HIV in the population, and the use of cryoprecipitate during the critical p

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00893.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The recombinant‐based enzyme immunoassay developed by Ortho Diagnostic System for the detection of antibodies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was used to determine the extent of exposure to HCV in healthy Saudi subjects (500 males; 260 females) without liver disease and with no history of percutaneous exposure to blood and in Saudis who are considered at high risk for contracting the disease: hemophiliacs (28), thalassemics (78), hemodialysis patients with renal failure (65) and patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) (220). The results show that HCV is endemic in the Saudi population with an overall frequency of 5.3% in healthy Saudi adults which is at least 5 times higher than what has been reported from Western Europe and the United States. Seropositivity rate in the high‐risk groups ranges from 15.9% in patients with STD to 78.6% in hemophiliacs. These data underscore the urgent need for routine anti‐HCV screening of blood donations in order to reduce the frequency of postransfusion non‐A, non‐B hepatitis and its sequelae in the Saudi p

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We report a preliminary study on whether syphilis serology might be reactive in some blood donors at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We retrospectively analyzed voluntary blood donations with reactiveTreponema pallidumantibody (TPA) tests according to the type of donation, the presence of other safety markers, confidential unit exclusion, syphilis diagnosis, and HIV risk factors. Over 2 years (1987–1988), 1 in 8,900 regular homologous donations (n = 258,610) was TPA positive as compared with 1 in 2,200 directed donations (n = 6,685) and 1 in 300 autologous donations (n = 8,870; p<0.05 for both). The rate in directed donations was not significantly higher than in first‐time regular donors (1 in 4,800; n = 57,000). TPA‐positive donations had higher rates of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and confidential unit exclusion than TPA‐negative donations. Ten TPA‐positive homologous or directed donors had latent or previously treated syphilis (1 in 26,500 such donations), and 2 of these had HIV risk factors. None of the autologous donors were determined to have active syphilis. Syphilis serology in blood donors bears further scrutiny as a possible surrogate marker for

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Nine patients with severe Rh iso‐immunization were treated by plasma exchange combined with immunosuppression. Apart from 3 abortions, previous pregnancy losses consisted of 7 intra‐uterine and 5 neonatal deaths. Only 2 patients had had no previous pregnancy loss. Differences in the optical density of the amniotic fluid of 8 patients fell into the upper Liley zone. There was one intra‐uterine death due to abruptio placentae but no neonatal deaths. When the outcome of the pregnancy immediately preceding the treatment pregnancy was compared to the treatment pregnancy, the fetal loss was reduced from 6 to 1. No adverse fetal effects were encoun

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY