摘要:

Abstract.Blood transfusion has become a universally accepted, life‐saving procedure in modern clinical medicine. In addition, specific blood fractions are widely used in the therapeutic treatment of haematological disorders. Problems are, however, encountered in conventional transfusion practice and in the clinical use of blood components. This paper outlines some of those problems and considers how plasma expanders and oxygen‐carrying blood substitutes may be used to overcome some of them. The extent to which acceptable blood substitutes have been developed and tested in both animal and human studies is especially emphasi

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has been considered to be unresponsive to intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) at the doses that are effective in immune thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune neutropenia (usually 2 g/kg total dose). This study reports the use of a higher dose (5 g/kg total dose over 5 days) in four severe cases of AIHA which resulted in a sustained remission in two patients, a transient response in the third, and a failure in the forth patient. These data suggest that larger quantities of IVGG may be needed in this disease, possibly because the reticuloendothelial system appears to be enlarged in AIHA patients.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Some effector functions of various immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations have been compared. Tests for opsonic activity were performed in vitro with human peripheral blood leukocytes and in vivo with mice. The augmentation effects on luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence were investigated with human leukocytes. The complement‐dependent bactericidal activities were tested withEscherichia coli.Five IgG preparations: pH 4‐treated preparation (IG‐100), polyethyleneglycol‐treated preparation (PEG‐G), sulfonated preparation (S‐G), pepsin‐treated preparation (Pep‐G) and a preparation for intramuscular use (GGN) were studied. The results were as follows: (1) IG‐100 and PEG‐G exhibited strong activities in all test systems; (2) GGN showed a strong opsonic activity; (3) S‐G showed relatively weak activities in all test systems, but the revertant S‐G preparation exhibited somewhat stronger activities in all systems, and (4) Pep‐G showed weak or no activity in all systems.These results suggest that the IgG molecules in IG‐100 and PEG‐G preparations have satisfactory effector functions. On the other hand, IgG molecules in S‐G and Pep‐G preparation may have significant deficie

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01968.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of varying the dose or the frequency or of both dose and frequency of immunoglobulin administration was evaluated in 17 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia treated with Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service intravenous immunoglobulin (SNBTS IV IgG), an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation manufactured by the pH 4/mild pepsin method. Individualised dosage of SNBTS IV IgG resulted in trough serum IgG levels of greater than 4.0 g/l in 13 of the 17 patients studied. 6 of the 17 patients had trough serum IgG levels in the normal range (5.0 g/l). In 2 patients, more frequent infusions were required to achieve normal trough serum IgG levels because of their clinical conditions. In 1 of these 2 patients, the frequency could be reduced to three weekly when the gastrointestinal loss of IgG was reduced. There was a low incidence of adverse reactions (6.4%) which occurred mainly during the initial infusions. Most patients benefited from an increased serum IgG level, but the frequency of diarrhoea was unaffected. One patient with severe bronchiectasis continued to suffer from respiratory infections despite normal serum IgG levels.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01969.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Fc receptor‐blocking activity, based on the EA resetting inhibition of anti‐Rh(D) gamma‐globulin preparations, was determined during biological analyses. After sample purification by means of precipitation with a low concentration of ammonium sulphate, fractions were obtained containing anti‐D activity and Fc receptor‐blocking activity separately. Fc receptor‐blocking antibodies inhibited both the formation of EA rosettes and the antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity. It is suggested that Fc receptor‐blocking antibodies obtained during hyperimmunization probably result in the immunosuppressive effect of Rh immune globulin (via the blocking of Fc receptors of activated lymphocytes) that decreases in turn the progress of

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Platelets frozen in glycerol‐glucose frequently aggregated on thawing or reconstitution. This has been eliminated by using a nonplasma diluent (pH 6.5) and a new freezing bag. The results were improved platelet14C‐serotonin uptake and readily demonstrable aggregation to ADP, epinephrine, collagen and thrombin.14C‐serotonin uptake was at maximum when platelets were frozen at thrombocrits of up to 15%. Hemostatic effectiveness was demonstrated in a severely thrombocytopenic patient with acute myelogenous leukemia in relapse, who was supported entirely with two autologous frozen platelet transfusions for the 13 days before bone marrow activity re

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The amount of platelet factor 3 (PF3) activity expressed in stored platelet concentrates (PC) was measured in conjunction with extracellular LDH levels. Standard manual techniques for preparation of PC resulted in PF3 and LDH levels remarkably higher than those observed in PC prepared by apheresis or special manual plateletpheresis. During storage of PC, PF3 activity rose 2‐ to 10‐fold, while LDH levels rose<2‐fold over starting values. Loss of LDH and appearance of PF3 expressed as a percent of total per platelet were significantly correlated only in standard, manual PC. Approximately half of the PF3 activity observed in any type of PC remained in the supernatant plasma after centrifugation. Upon gel filtration, the supernatant PF3 activity eluted in a high molecular weight peak containing phosphate and light‐scattering material. Our findings indicate that platelets in standard, citrated PC express PF3 in amounts that approach that of frozen‐thawed (lysed) platelets; however, the manner in which the PF3 activity appears suggests that stored platelets undergo a combination of activation and damage

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A new chromogenic peptide substrate method, modified for assay with semi‐micro tubes, Cobas Bio centrifugal analyser and microplates, was used for screening of F VIII:C in blood donors. The precision of the assays is high and the costs are reasonable. The assay with microplates is especially suitable for selection of donors for a plasma programme and for quality control in blood bank

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01973.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Lymphocytes from individuals sensitized against the Rh‐D antigen were found to lyse 0, Rh‐positive erythrocytes. The controls consisted of individuals non‐sensitized against D antigen. The lytic effect in the absence of additional in vitro added specific antibody was very high in sensitized individuals, but low in the control group. Lytic effect decreased after treating the lymphocytes of sensitized donors with trypsin, but it remained unchanged in the control group. These results suggest that the sensitized donors possessed lymphocytes with specific antibodies in vivo. This phenomenon could prove a valuable diagnostic tool in recognizing responder and non‐responder donors in the early phase of immun

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The serum of an 85‐year‐old Caucasian male with no history of blood transfusion contained an IgG3 antibody with anti‐LWabspecificity. The antibody failed to react with dithiothreitol‐treated red cells, and there was a marked reduction in titre of the antibody with pronase‐treated cells, findings consistent with an antibody having this specificity. High association values were obtained in a mononuclear phagocyte assay when LW‐positive red cells, sensitised in vitro with the patient's serum antibody, were incubated with peripheral blood monocytes from the patient. In vivo red cell survival studies demonstrated that99mTc‐labelled rhesus‐negative (rr), LW‐positive red cells had 53% survival at 1 h. The IgG subclass of the antibody, mononuclear phagocyte assay results and in vivo survival studies predicted a significant reduction in the posttransfusion survival of therapeutic volumes of rhesus‐negative (rr), LW

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb01975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY