摘要:

Abstract.All 367 recipients and 1,385 donations transfused over a 40‐day period were traced and compared by sex, age and discharge diagnosis with the 5,955 concurrent discharges from all general and obstetric hospitals in the area. 6% of discharged patients had been transfused. 21% of transfused patients were dead within 1 year, and at least 30% will die within 5 years. 228 donations of platelet concentrates were required for 7 recipients, 6 of whom died within 2 years. The mortality of blood recipients is overestimated if tracked from donors of multiple component

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01618.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Adenosine triphosphate and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate concentrations in 14 U of CPDA‐1 stored red cells (PRBC) and washed red cells (WRBC) were measured to assess indirectly the quality of WRBC for neonatal transfusion after 24 h. The results indicate that there is no difference in red cell ATP and 2,3‐DPG concentrations between PRBC and WRBC after a 24‐hour

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Autoclave sterilization altered the leaching of plasticizer, CO2gas permeability, surface area and the surface wettability of bag films. These changes affected granulocyte cell counts and functions during storage. Four types of polyvinyl chloride bags, with di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) or tri‐(2‐ethylhexyl)trimellitate (TOTM) as plasticizer, with or without treatment by glow discharge (H2), were sterilized with ethylene oxide (EO) or autoclaving (AC). The greatest amounts of plasticizer leached from DEHP‐EO bags. TOTM plasticizer did not leach into plasma. CO2gas permeability was greater with TOTM than DEHP. AC sterilization decreased the surface area of bags. Wettability of film surfaces was greatest with H2‐TOTM‐EO. After storage in these bags for 24 and 48 h at 22 °C, the granulocyte cell counts and functions were greatest in H2‐TOTM‐EO bags with the nonleaching plasticizer, higher CO2gas permeability and higher wettable surface due to glow‐discharge treatment. The H2‐TOTM‐EO bag was useful as a granu

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We studied the inactivation of the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, human immunodeficiency virus, in the course of the Kistler and Nitschmann cold ethanol fractionation of human blood plasma. By measuring reverse transcriptase activity and viral infectivity, we have shown that the virus load is reduced by a factor of 104during the initial and at least a factor of 106during the subsequent steps of the fractionation procedure. This loss of virus may be observed in the absence or in the presence of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus and is due to a combination of chemical inactivation, physical partition, and injury caused by repeated freezing and thawing. The laboratory data therefore further confirm epidemiological studies which indicate that immunoglobulin preparations obtained by ethanol fractionation do not transmit human immunodeficiency virus.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01621.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The second‐generation enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from three manufacturers (Abbott, Organon, Wellcome) and three anti‐HIV confirmatory tests, i.e. Western Blot (WB, Biotech, Dupont), radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA, CLB) and a competitive immunoassay (CIA, Abbott) were evaluated on a panel of 6,488 serum samples, which had previously been used for the comparison of seven first‐generation EIAs. For the present study the panel was expanded with sequential serum samples from 12 individuals followed at 1 ‐ to 3‐month intervals during seroconversion for anti‐HIV. The second‐generation EIAs and confirmatory tests were significantly more sensitive than the first‐generation EIAs as was demonstrated by detection of 10‐ to 100‐fold higher endpoint titers in anti‐HIV‐positive sera as well as by earlier detection of anti‐HIV in 7–11 of the 12 subjects, who seroconverted. In all sera obtained during early HIV infection anti‐gp160/120envantibodies (WB, CIA) were found in addition to anti‐p24 (WB, RIP A) and in serial twofold dilutions of these ‘seroconversion samples’ the new Abbott EIA and RIPA were significantly more sensitive than WB (p<0.05), whereas CIA and the new Organon EIA were significantly less sensitive than WB (p<0.05). The new Wellcome EIA was not statistically less sensitive than WB. The CIA was as sensitive as WB for antibodies to envelope proteins (gp 41, gp 160, gp 120), but considerably less sensitive for core (p24) antibodies, as was shown in sera obtained during early as well as later clinical stages of HIV infection. The frequencies of false‐positive reactions by the second‐generation EIAs on a panel of 292 tricky samples from patients with e.g. autoimmune diseases and acute viral infections and in a panel of 283 selected donor sera, with false‐positive reactivities in the first‐generation EIAs were: Abbott 1.0%, 0.3%, Wellcome 0%, 0%, and Organon 0.3%, 0%. By the confirmatory tests they were: WB (anti‐p24) 1.7%, 10.2%; RIPA (anti‐p24) 0.3%, 1.1%; and CIA 0.3%, 0.3%. It is concluded that application of highly sensitive second‐generation EIAs in blood banks is important to further

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.65 patients belonging to known acquired‐immune‐deficiency‐syndrome (AIDS) risk groups were tested for mitogen responsiveness to pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, percentages of peripheral blood CD4, CD8 and Leu7 lymphocyte subsets, serum neopterin levels, and γ‐interferon (γ‐IFN) concentrations in cell culture supernatants. Patients with clinical symptoms of human‐immunodeficiency‐virus infection showed reduced γ‐IFN production in vitro. The IFN concentrations were correlated significantly with mitogen‐induced blastogenesis. High serum neopterin levels and decreased CD4/CD8 ratios were associated with diminished γ‐IFN levels. The percentage of Leu7 lymphocytes was increased in a group of patients with strikingl

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.To estimate the number of adults medically eligible to donate blood, the percent of the general population over the age of 16 deferrable by 13 current American Red Cross donor guidelines was calculated using the best available United States data. Categories examined included age, weight, hematocrit, pregnancy, blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes requiring insulin, male homosexual activity since 1977, intravenous drug use, sexual partner of high‐risk group member, recent transfusion, history of cancer, and other (medical, surgical, travel history). Sex‐specific total eligibility rates were estimated by serial multiplication of individual eligibility rates (1.0 minus deferral rates) to account for the proportionate overlap of independent categories, with corrections for expected associations between categories. The resultant eligibility rates for women (57%) and men (70%) indicate fewer eligible donors than commonly stated. Surrogate testing (ALT, anti‐HBc) for non‐A, non‐B hepatitis would further reduce the percent of eligible donors to 55 and 67%, respectively. Based on the actual numbers of women and men in the population, these calculations indicate that an equal number of women and men are medically eligible

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Sera obtained from 4 mothers of children with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia contained a platelet‐specific alloantibody, anti‐Brawhich defined an antigen apparently different from all known platelet alloantigens. All 4 fathers were Brapositive, whereas all mothers were Branegative. The minimal postnatal values of platelet counts ranged from 19×109to 75×109/1. Family studies showed that the Braantigen is inherited as an autosomal, codominant trait. Its antigen frequency in the German population is 20% (21 of 105 unrelated donors were positive). The estimated gene frequency is 0.11. The antibodies were identified by a glycoprotein‐specific enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies for antigen immobilization, while they could not reliably be detected by binding assays employing whole platelets (platelet immunofluorescence, indirect competitive

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Two Japanese sisters with consanguineous parents have M‐N‐ En(a‐) Wr(a‐b‐) S‐s‐U‐ red cells and are therefore apparently homozygous forMk; the third reported family with members of this genotype. The serum of the proposita (ORCMK) contained anti‐EnaTS, anti‐EnaFR and possibly anti‐Wrbwhereas the serum of herMkMksister contained no atypical antibodies. Total absence of sialoglycoproteins α and δ from red cell membranes of an Mkhomozygote was demonstrated by lactoperoxidase‐catalysed radioiodination of accessible tyrosine residues with subsequent SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, and by use of a monoclonal antibody directed at the cytoplasmic porti

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia with amegakaryocytosis is described. The baby was treated by double‐volume exchange transfusion with only a temporary benefit; 2 weeks of steroid treatment were unsuccessful but the platelet count did increase transiently after infusion of random donor platelets. The newborn recovered after intravenous immunoglobulin, with restoration of the megakaryocyte thrombocytopoiesis and platelet number. The rare antigen Koaon the paternal platelets and maternal immunization against it were detecte

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY