摘要:

AbstractThe safety and ethical aspects of blood donation are examined in the light of current legislation and practice. The advantages and disadvantages of voluntary and paid donation are looked at in view of recent data concerning risk factors in various potential donor groups. It is concluded that voluntary, non‐remunerated blood donation remains the safest and most ethical means of securing the blood suppl

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffects of time, temperature, pH and stabilizers (i.e. medium) on inactivation of lipid‐enveloped model viruses, Semliki Forest and vesicular stomatitis viruses in the production process of intravenous immunoglobulin were investigated on a laboratory scale. The lowering of pH, the raising of temperature and the increasing of incubation time improved the inactivation effect. However, small changes in pH and stabilizer concentrations did not influence the results. Inactivation was not linear and a clear tailing off could be seen. Therefore, for complete virus inactivation incubation times longer than 20 h are necessary. Inactivation took place much more rapidly in intravenous immunoglobulin solution than in intramuscular immunoglobulin solution. Processing steps such as freeze‐dying in the presence of ethanol or storage of intramuscular immunoglobulin in the liquid state at pH 7 only partially inactivated these viru

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine whether vesiculation of RBC plays a significant role in their rejuvenation. Outdated units of Adsol® blood, were divided into two aliquots and incubated with equal volumes of a solution of 100 mMpyruvate and inosine, 103 mMphosphate and 5 mMadenine (PIPA) or 0.9% saline. Following 1 h incubation, vesicles were isolated from the supernatants and quantitated for hemoglobin content. Restoration of RBC ATP, 2,3‐DPG, morphology, and osmotic fragility after rejuvenation was satisfactory. The postrejuvenation mean corpuscular volumes (88.2+6.9 fl) were significantly lower (p<0.001) than the prerejuvenation (94.6+6.8 fl) and control (104.0+7.3 fl) volumes. The hemoglobin shed in vesicles during rejuvenation was significantly greater than in the saline controls (0.44+0.31 vs. 0.18+0.10 mg/dl RBCs; p = 0.026). These data suggest that the decreased MCV following rejuvenation is in part due to membrane loss in exocytic vesiculati

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01212.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor purposes of freezing autologous marrow or transplants of allogeneic marrow with major ABO blood group incompatibility, 54 freshly harvested bone marrows from children of 7–65 kg of weight were depleted of their red cells with the Haemonetics V50 system. The marrow volumes ranged from 230 to 1,145 ml, with 17 small (200–399 ml), 18 intermediate (400–799 ml) and 19 large (800–1,200 ml) volumes. After processing, the median recoveries were: volume 24%, red cell mass 18%, and nucleated cells 75%. In the small marrow volume group, a good nucleated cell recovery was achieved at the expense of red cell depletion. The colony‐forming units, granulocytes‐macrophages (CFU‐GM) were normal after thawing of processed, cryopreserved marrows, and good engraftment of both allogeneic and autologous marrows were achieved. We conclude that marrow processing with the Haemonetics V50 system results in adequate red cell depletion and good nucleated cell recovery without open‐air contact of marrow or excessive time consumption. For small marrow volumes, however, the red cell depletion was suboptimal, and a bowl size smaller than 125 ml is desirable fo

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is almost general agreement that removal of leukocytes from blood components reduces the incidence of HLA‐antibody formation and refractoriness to random platelet transfusions. Recently filters have become available, which are able to reduce leukocyte contamination in platelet suspensions with acceptable platelet loss. We evaluated a cellulose acetate (CA) and a polyester (PE) filter, and stored buffy coat‐derived platelet suspensions after filtration. Both filters are effective for the removal of leukocytes to levels below 5 times 106per transfusate. For the CA filter, platelet recovery was 73+13% yielding 256+53 times 109platelets per transfusate from 6 donors. For the PE filter, platelet recovery was 90+9% and 327+51 times 109platelets per transfusate. When a loading dose of less than 5 times 108leukocytes was applied, 98% of the CA‐filtered suspensions and 100% of the PE‐filtered suspensions contained less than 5 times 106residual leucocytes. In 123 patients transfusion results of CA‐filtered platelet suspensions stored for 72 h, were compared with those obtained by non‐stored, non filtered, random platelet suspensions which had been leukocyte depleted by differential centrifugation. Platelet increments 1 and 20 h after transfusion showed no statistical difference between CA‐filtered platelet transfusions stored for 72 h and non‐stored, non‐filtered platelet transfusions. In a new cohort of 117 patients, two filters and various postfiltration storage times were compared. Using both filters, the 1‐hour posttransfusion increments decreased to approximately 60% after 96 h of storage compared to results of storage periods of 72 h or less. Moreover, gradually decreasing platelet survical, as measured from 20‐hour post‐transfusion increments, was observed with increased storage time, from 24 h onwards. This decrease in platelet survival was associated with a decrease in pH. Because the pH and storage interval are strongly related, pH could not be evaluated as an independent parameter. The storage‐related decreased platelet survival, however, was more severe after PE filtration than after CA filtration, whereas pH was better maintained after PE filtration. In 164 cases the bleeding time was measured after transfusion of platelet stored for ≥72 h. Provided that a posttransfusion increment of ≥15 times 109/l was reached after transfusion with filtered, stored platelets, bleeding times shortened, indicating the hemostatic activity of filtered and

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study confirms previous work suggesting equivalent in vitro properties in blood components prepared from donations collected into half‐citrate preservative (HCPD) compared to components derived from donations collected into standard citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) preservatives. In addition, red cell products harvested from HCPD donations showed significantly improved maintenance of pH over storage, and this was reflected in improved maintenance of intracellular 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG). This effect was observed in whole blood and in red cells suspended in a phosphate‐containing additive solution (Tuta AAS). Collection into HCPD also improved 2,3‐DPG maintenance in red cell concentrates processed following an 18‐hour hold at 22°C. These improvements were less pronounced in red cells suspended in a non‐phosphate‐containing medium (Fenwal Adsol) in which a higher pH was maintained even in units collected in CPD. Platelets harvested from HCPD blood and suspended in plasma showed equivalent quality to platelets from standard donations. Some deterioration of platelet properties was observed when HCPD platelets were stored in a non‐citrate synthetic medium. Together with data indicating improved coagulation factor stability, these results suggest that collection into HCPD improves stored blood quality and may also allow logistical benefits in blood

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐four blood donors found positive for the first‐generation hepatitis C antibody (anti‐HCV) test (Ortho EIA‐I) and 88 of their recipients over the period from 1972 to 1990 were retrospectively investigated with different first‐and second‐generation anti‐HCV tests. The aim of the study was to identify the infective donors and to evaluate the tests. Seven donors, who probably were infective carriers of HCV, were also second‐generation test (EIA‐II) positive, compared to only 3 out of 17 noninfective donors. Among the infected recipients, 14 out of 29 (48%) were positive for the second‐generation test only. The second‐generation test identified the infective donors in our study and was more sensitive than the first‐generation test. We therefore recommend that blood donors are screened with EIA‐II. Positive test results should be confirmed by the recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA‐II), and persons with positive or not conclusive RIBA‐II should no

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 35‐year‐old Brazilian woman (gravida 4, para 2) was delivered of a severely anaemic child whose cord red blood cells had a strongly positive direct antiglobulin test and who required two exchange transfusions within 24 h of birth. Because of the emergency of the situation and the lack of a local immunohaematology reference laboratory, the phenotype of the mother and the specificity of the relevant antibody could not be determined. Hence, compatible blood was not immediately available and the infant had to be given repeated exchange transfusions with incompatible group 0 Rh‐negative blood. The infant is now healthy and thriving.The mother's red cells were subsequently found to lack all the antigens of the Rh system, and her serum reacted with all red cell samples except those of two unrelated Rhnullindividuals. Her serum gave high titres (i.e. 1,024–4,096) by the indirect antiglobulin test against red cells of normal Rh phenotype, as well as against cells with partially deleted Rh phenotypes (titres = 128–512 with –D–·/–D– and ·D·/·D· samples, respectively), and was extremely active in antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and monocyte monolayer assays against red cel

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe serological findings on 21 children with idiopathic autoimmune neutropenia are reported. A multiassay procedure was adopted including agglutination, immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity tests. Beside a cause‐effect correlation between granulocyte antibodies and clinical course, a serologic polymorphism was found. As the sensitivity of each assay seemed to be related to the characteristics of the involved antigens and antibodies, as well as to the intrinsic sensitivity of the tests, the performance of a multiassay procedure appears to be advisable for the diagnosis and the follow‐up of autoimmune neutrope

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRed cell membrane proteins expressing Rh antigens appear to be important for the stabilization of the phospholipid membrane bilayer. Neonatal red cells possess a shorter in vivo life span and different deformability properties as compared to adult red blood cells, differences which could potentially be explained by different cell surface antigen densities of Rh‐antigenic determinants. Although conventional serologic techniques have demonstrated Rh antigens on fetal and neonatal red cells, other more sensitive techniques are required when quantitative information is needed. Therefore, in this study, 40 adult and 45 neonatal red blood cell suspensions of differing Rh phenotypes were evaluated for C and c antigen density using flow cytometry.Neonatal and adult red blood cells had the same mean channel fluorescence intensity (expressed in mV) of c antigen in either the homozygous (cc) or heterozygous (cC) state: 485+44 versus 471+29 and 416+31 versus 411+23, respectively. In addition, neonatal and adult C antigen density was similar in heterozygous (Cc; 415+49 versus 455+44) and homozygous (CC; 438+53 versus 469+38 C states. As expected, homozygous (double dose) states for either C or c had greater intensities than heterozygous states for both neonates and adults.Although no differences were noted for C or c antigens, studies of other Rh antigens may indicate lower antigenic density in neonatal red cell

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1992.tb01219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY