摘要:

AbstractOur knowledge of the precise spatial relationships of human primary palate morphogenesis remains poorly defined. This is due to intrinsic difficulties that exist in the study of the subject matter and a lack of adequate methodologies. We present a novel new method to allow precise three‐dimensional (3‐D) visualization of developing embryonic structures in previously sectioned embryos. In our study we focus on human primary palate development. Five normal human embryos from the Carnegie collection were used. 3‐D reconstructions appear similar to scanning electron micrographs (SEM); however, unlike in SEM studies, the original specimen has been previously sectioned histologically. 3‐D reconstruction from serial sections involved (1) histological preparation of specimen, 2) projection onto digitizing board, 3) digitization, 4) automated reassembly, and 5) relay to interactive optical disc recorder. Detailed observations of each reconstruction were then made. Data generated in this manner may also be used in the near future for quantitative morphometrics. Thus, 3‐D reconstruction techniques presented in this paper generated precise spatial information on the development of the human primary palate. © 1994 Wiley

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092380112

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study explores the organization of the striatal projections from the rostral caudate nucleus to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia in the cat. Tracer deposits were stereotaxically injected in different dorsoventral, mediolateral, and rostrocaudal sectors of the head of the caudate nucleus using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (HRP‐WGA) either alone or mixed with free HRP. After the injections, a detailed analysis of the terminal labeling was carried out within the globus pallidus (GP), the entopeduncular nucleus (Ep), and the substantia nigra (SN) pars reticulata (SNR). Our findings illustrate how different dorsoventral, mediolateral, and rostrocaudal parts of the rostral caudate nucleus project primarily to similarly positioned but spatially segregated parts of GP. The striatoentopeduncular pathway was also organized topographically, but there was overlapping by projections from different parts of the rostral caudate nucleus. Areas of topographical segregation and zones of overlap were detected in the organization of the striatal projections from the rostral caudate nucleus to SNR. These results raise the possibility of distinct striatal actions upon different sectors of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia and, indirectly, upon their targets in the thalamus and brainstem. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092380113

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to examine the relationships between the positional arrangement and supplying nerves of the glutei medius and minimus and the piriformis, we investigated 49 pelvic halves of 28 cadavers. The superior gluteal nerve ran on the ventral surface of the piriformis in 44 cases (89.8%) (Type A), and some branches of the nerve perforated the piriformis in five cases (10.2%) (Type B). Based on the detailed findings of the innervation of the three muscles, the piriformis is chiefly composed of the caudal element of the gluteus medius (Type A) and in some cases the caudal element of the gluteus minimus as well (Type B). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092380114

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe observation of thirty dissections of intrinsic muscles of the thumb provides some information differing from earlier anatomical studies. The abductor pollicis brevis and the opponens pollicis have been divided into muscles having six or two fascicles (or bellies), respectively. The adductor pollicis muscle has been separated into nine fascicles. Many variations were observed: absence of fascicles, presence of atrophied or supplementary fascicles, or fascicles with varying insertions sites. Neither head of the flexor pollicis brevis muscle seemed to have any fascicles. The distal insertion of its superficial head observed in this work is not in accordance with the usual description found in the literature. A new classification of the thenar muscles is presented based on the present observations. Many variations were observed: some fascicles were absent, others were supplementary or atrophied, and some had variable insertions. The importance and the individual variations of the fascicles are discussed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092380115

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092380116

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092380101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY