摘要:

AbstractThe presence of serotonin in the Merkel cells of pig snout epidermis was investigated by the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase immunohistochemical technique. Serotonin‐like immunoreactive Merkel cells were found in groups located at the base of epidermal rete pegs and in the external root sheath of sinus hair follicles (vibrissae). Immunoreactivity was stronger on the basal side of the Merkel cells, where dense‐cored granules are most numerous. Neither the nerve terminal associated with the Merkel cell nor the neighbouring epidermal cells were immunostained.These results are the first evidence of serotonin‐like immunoreactivity in mammalian Merkel cells. The fact that immunoreactivity is strongest in those parts of the Merkel cells with the highest granule density suggests that in these cells serotonin is probably localized in the dense‐cored

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092250402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA well‐developed plate‐like cisterna (PLC) associated with trans‐Golgi elements was observed in the Golgi apparatus of secretory cells in the rat anterior pituitary gland. This structure corresponds to the trans‐most sacculotubular network. The PLC maintains a remarkably uniform thickness of about 33 nm, as measured between the outer leaflets of its unit membrane structure. As to the mechanism by which this peculiar construction of the PLC is maintained, pillar‐like structures were noted in the PLC intracisternal space, apparently acting as supports to keep the intermembrane distance constant. The PLC was especially well developed in hypertrophied cells such as gonadotrophs following castration. One noteworthy feature was that the PLC frequently ran parallel with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), maintaining a constant distance from the latter in hypertrophied cells, but no membrane continuity between the PLC and RER

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092250403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have investigated ultrastructural cytochemical properties of elastic elements inAlligatorperiodontal ligaments decalcified with EDTA and stained with 1) the tannic acid‐uranyl acetate (TA‐UA) method for elastin in combination with elastase digestion; 2) the high iron diamine‐thiocarbohydrazide‐silver proteinate (HID‐TCH‐SP) method with prior treatment of specimens with either monopersulphate or cupric‐sulphite reagent for the localization of disulphide‐ and/or sulphydryl‐containing material (i.e., oxytalan fibers); and 3) HID‐TCH‐SP alone for sulphated complex carbohydrates. Many microfibrils accumulated to form either large or small bundles. Large bundles having a diameter of 2.50 ± 1.10 μm (mean ± SD; n = 50) each showed an apico‐occlusal distribution, although small bundles measuring 0.63 ± 0.13 μm (mean ± SD; n = 50) in diameter each were exclusively localized in interstitial areas rich in vessels and nerves. The former bundles always lacked TA‐UA reactivity and represented oxytalan fibers; the latter bundles frequently contained TA‐UA‐reactive elastase digestable components and were similar in appearance to immature elastic fibers or elaunin fibers. HID‐TCH‐SP after oxidation strongly stained both the oxytalan and elastic fiber microfibrils but stained the amorphous elastin very weakly or not all. In nonoxidized specimens, there was no definite HID‐TCH‐SP staining of microfibrils and the amorphous elastin, although adjacent matrix proteoglycans stained consistently. These results indicate that although there is a marked difference in the distribution and size of oxytalan and elastic fibers inAlligatorperiodontal ligaments, their associated microfibrils lack stainable sulphate groups but are enriched with disulphide and/or sulphydr

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092250404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLymphoid tissue of the human fallopian tube consists of follicles, lymphoepithelium, and lymphatic and blood capillaries and is located consistently in the interstitial part of the‐human fallopian tube. Using an immunoelectronmicroscopic technique, we have elucidated the ultrastructure of the lymphoid tissue of the human fallopian tube and the fine distribution and ultrastructure of the lymphatics associated with the rabbit fallopian tube. Lymphatic capillaries arise in the lamina propria mucosa and the periphery of follicles, where they are sparsely distributed, run through the muscular layer, and form a dense network in the subserosa. Characteristic features of the ultrastructure are aggregations of smooth muscle cells, alternating areas of densely and sparsely distributed collagen fibers, and unmyelinated nerve fibers beneath the lymphatic endothelium.Immunoelectronmicroscopic analysis has demonstrated an obvious difference in the distribution of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes in the lymphoid tissue of the human fallopian tube. Many T‐lymphocytes are present in the follicles and epithelium, but B‐lymphocytes are either absent or rarely found. T‐lymphocytes sometimes infiltrate into the basal lamina of the epithelium lying in close contact with the follicles.We conclude that the lymphoid tissue is constantly located in the interstitial part of the human fallopian tube and that intraepithelial lymphocytes, mainly T‐lymphocytes, migrate via the basal lamina of the epithelium from follicles. Lymphatic capillaries in the fallopian tube may be the main migratory route of intraepithelial lymphocytes.The intraepithelial lymphocytes and epithelial cells of the fallopian tube have attracted considerable interest as a result of immunological studies of the recognition of spermatozoal antigens and the fertilized ovum. The only previous anatomical investigator to report the presence of the lymphoid tissue of the human fallopian tube was Uchida (1953), whereas more recent studies have shown that the intraepithelial lymphocytes and epithelial cells of the fallopian tube are related to the mucosal‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (Geppert et al., 1977; Morris et al., 1986). A number of authors have already dealt with the problem of the function of intraepithelial lymphocytes in various tissues and organs, such as the tonsil (Koburg, 1967), epidermis (Andrew and Andrew, 1949), lung (Bienenstock et al., 1973), and gut (Andrew and Sosa, 1947). Most have concluded that intraepithelial lymphocytes are concerned with antigen detection, immunological enhancement, and memory and effector responses through antigens absorbed in the epithelium from the lumen. However, the origins of the intraepithelial lymphocytes and their migratory routes have not yet been made clear. We have already reported that lymphatics and high endothelial venules (HEV) play an important role in the migratory routes in gut‐ and bonchus‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT and BALT) (Ito et al., 1987; Otsuki and Magari, 1988). In the fallopian tube, little is known of the fine distribution and function of lymphatics.In the present work, the ultrastructure of the lymphoid tissue of the human fallopian tube and the fine distribution and ultrastructure of lymphatics in the fallopian tube were examined using electron microscopy im

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092250405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study describes the cytodifferentiation of the two populations of epithelial cells found in the respiratory bronchiole of the adult rhesus monkey. One population, pseudostratified and containing ciliated, nonciliated secretory, and basal cells, is found overlying the pulmonary artery (PA). The other population, not associated with the PA, contains nonciliated cuboidal cells between alveolar outpockets. In this study we used terminal conducting airways from the lungs of fetal (90 to 155 days gestational age [DGA]), postnatal, and adult rhesus monkeys. Ciliated cells were partially differentiated at 90 DGA (54% gestation) and completely differentiated by 134 DGA (80% gestation). Nonciliated secretory cells were partially differentiated at 95 DGA (57% gestation) but did not lose all glycogen until the postnatal period. Basal cells appeared by 134 DGA (80% gestation) and matured in the postnatal period. Small mucous granule cells appeared at 125 DGA (74% gestation) and did not change throughout fetal development. Neuroendocrine cells were present throughout the entire period studied. Nonciliated cuboidal bronchiolar cells of the nonciliated population of the respiratory bronchiole appeared at 105 DGA (62% gestation) and matured in the postnatal period. We conclude that 1) although most of the differentiation of the lower airway occurs before birth, most of the cell types are not completely differentiated at birth; 2) the sequence of differentiation for the cells of the ciliated pseudostratified epithelial population is ciliated, nonciliated secretory, and basal; 3) the sequence of differentiation for the nonciliated secretory cell is similar to that of the secretory cells in more proximal airways; and 4) basal, neuroendocrine, and small mucous granule cells are not a part of the differentiation sequence of the other cell types.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092250406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe modulating effects of estradiol (E: 1 μg/3.5 days) and progesterone (P: 2 mg/3.5 days) on the obesity and hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic components of the diabetes‐obesity syndrome in female C57BL/KsJ (db/db) mice, which includes cellular atrophy and adiposity in the reproductive tract, were examined and compared to corresponding control (+?) parameters. All control and diabetic mice received oil (vehicle control), E, or P treatments starting at 4 weeks of age. Body weight, serum insulin levels, blood glucose concentrations, and uteroovarian lipoprotein lipase activites were analyzed at 8 and 16 weeks of age and related to the ultrastructural changes in the steriod‐sensitive uterine epithelium during the treatment period. Neither E nor P had any effect on body weights in (+?) or (db/db) mice. The pronounced diabetes‐associated elevation in serum insulin levels was enhanced by E, and suppressed by P, in 16‐week‐old (db/db) mice as compared with controls. By 16 weeks of age, the E therapy normalized blood glucose levels in diabetic mice to control levels, whereas P was ineffective in modulating the hyperglycemia. The reduction in blood glucose levels in E‐treated diabetic mice correlated temporally with the return of normal intracellular structure including the disappearance of intracellular lipid vacuoles characteristic of uterine epithelium cells of (db/db) mice. The diabetes‐induced rise in utero‐ovarian lipoprotein lipase activity was normalized by P‐therapy. The reduction in uteroovarian lipoprotein lipase activity coincided temporally with the demonstrated intracellular reorganization in (db/db) reproductive tract tissues. These data indicate that E and P therapies are effective modulators of mutation‐induced structural, metabolic, and functional changes in the reproductive tract and peripheral tissues of genetically diabetic C57BL/KsJ (db/db) mice. The ability to restore affected tissue structure and function in this mutant mouse model to that of controls suggests that gonadal steroids may correct, delay, prevent, or suppress the diabetes‐associated tissue atrophy and adiposity which cha

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092250407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of adriamycin (1 mg/liter) on the development of the golden hamster 3‐day‐old second maxillary molars (M2) was investigated in vitro. Exposure of the molars to 1 mg/liter adriamycin during the first 2 hours of culture produced smaller teeth 3–7 days later, as determined by measurements of dry weights and by histological observations. Higher doses caused severe necrosis. The more differentiated pulp fibroblasts showed osteodentin formation 3 days after treatment with adriamycin (1 mg/liter), while the more immature ones underwent necrosis. The phenotypic changes brought on by the drug were permanent, and osteodentin continued to be formed throughout the course of this study. In addition the cervical loop region was inhibited from growing, while the production of the matrices of enamel and dentin appeared to be increased at 3 and 5 days after treatment. Electron microscopy of the forming osteodentin matrix revealed a random arrangement of banded collagen fibers during the early stage of osteodentin formation. As more matrix was formed, the collagen became quite compact and appeared quite similar to dentin. Finally, matrix vesicles were found among the collagenous matrix that was not yet mineralized. With the exception of the increased production of enamel and dentin, these in vitro results confirmed those earlier in vivo studies on the effect of adriamycin on rat incisor

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092250408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe structure of trophoblast of the baboon blastocyst undergoes a number of maturational changes from the early blastocyst to the late blastocyst stage. The striking expansion of the blastocyst that occurs during the preimplan tation period is accompanied by the development of an extensive endocytic apparatus. Cationized ferritin labels coated depressions and vesicles near the apical cell surface, numerous uncoated tubules and larger apical vesicles, and multivesicular bodies within trophoblast cells. Basally and laterally the labeled components are primarily small uncoated vesicles and tubules. Small, discrete clusters of ferritin particles were seen within the basolateral compartment between trophoblast and its basal lamina and beneath trophoblast cells that do not have a basal lamina. The results indicate that ingested materials may be directed in two pathways, one involving breakdown within the lysosomal system and one involving transcytosis. The zona pellucida is a trilaminar structure consisting of a fibrillar outer layer that often contains spermatozoa, an intermediate zone, and an inner layer containing columns of dense zonal material. Loss of the zona occurs after expansion of the blastocyst and development of the endocytic organelles. During the late blastocyst stage, syncytial trophoblast differentiates at the margin of the polar trophoblast. Because blastocysts were flushed from the uterus, it could not be determined whether azonal blastocysts had been adherent to the uterine surface prior to collection.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092250409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cytoarchitecture and immunocytochemical distribution of neuropeptides (corticotropin‐releasing factor, CRF; neuropeptide Y, NPY; oxytocin, OXY; vasopressin, VP; and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIP) were studied in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in male and female ground squirrels of two species (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus and S. richardsonii).Immunoreactive (IR) perikarya were found in sections incubated with VP or VIP antisera. VP‐IR cell bodies were seen in the dorsal and medial parts of the nucleus in colchicine‐treated animals. IR fibers were distributed thoughout the SCN. In the ventral part of the nucleus, VIP‐IR cells were seen in untreated animals and were more pronounced in colchicine‐treated animals. VIP‐IR fibers and terminals form a dense plexus throughout the nucleus. Furthermore, NPY‐IR terminals and fibers with multiple varicosities, but no IR perikarya, were present in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Within the borders of the SCN, no cell bodies or fibers were stained with CRF or OXY antisera

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092250410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of the structures in the posterolateral corner of the knee was studied in fifteen human embryos and seventeen fetuses by means of serial sections in the coronal and sagittal planes. The attachments of the lateral meniscus and fibular head to the popliteal tendon and muscle are formed during the process of cavitation that forms the bursa. The connection between the tendon and the posterior border of the lateral meniscus forms obliquely to follow the direction of the muscle and tendon. The edge of the bursa is limited by attachments that connect the tendon to the lateral meniscus and fibular head. In this study, no direct ligamentous continuity was found to exist between the posterolateral femur and tibia during development. The only ligament that indirectly connects the lateral femur posteriorly to the proximal segment of the tibia, which has never been reported in human development, is the one that links the popliteal tendon to the fibular head. We have designated this the popliteo fibular ligament which was also found in adult specimens. This ligament should not be confused with the arcuate popliteal ligament.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092250411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY