摘要:

AbstractThe adrenal glands of four rats from each of the following age groups, newly born and one‐, two‐, three‐, five‐, seven‐, nine‐weeks‐old were used. Sections 15 μ in thickness were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Holmes, Bodian and Bielschowsky methods to show nerve fibers and cells in the gland. At birth the nerve fibers extended from beneath the capsule to the central part of the gland where collections of various neurons were found. After one week, nerve cells (which probably belonged to parasympathetic) were found in the inner part of the fasciculata while the adrenal medulla contained nerve cells which belonged to the two sets of autonomic nervous system. By the end of two weeks a fine plexus of nerve cells and fibers was found in inner fasciculata. In the three‐week‐old rat adrenal the plexus of nerve cells and fibers extended to the zona reticularis. By the age of five weeks the plexus was present in the inner fasciculata as well as in the reticularis. The clusters of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion cells were a constant feature of the medulla. By the end of seven and nine weeks the intrinsic adrenal plexus was a principal feature of the zona reticularis. The functional significance of the profuse intrinsic nerve supply of both the cortical and medullary portions of the

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091520402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is a widespread belief that innervation is an indispensible requirement for regeneration in salamander limbs. Several independent investigations have indicated that this view is too rigid. In this laboratory it was observed that regeneration proceeds in orbitally transplanted limbs, but the signs of innervation are few when the tissues are stained with ordinary histological procedures. The present study was conducted to find out if orbitally transplanted limbs do, in fact, possess nerve fibers and if their presence is, indeed, required for regeneration to proceed.Forelimbs ofAmblystomalarvae were transplanted to the orbit. In one series, transplants were amputated two weeks after transplantation. Amputated segments were stained with protargol and revealed very few signs of innervation. Nevertheless, regeneration proceeded and reached a typical outcome within the usual time required for completion of the process normally. Full‐term transplant regenerates exhibited innervation at levels of about one‐third of normal values.In another series of experiments, limbs were subjected to distal amputation either before or shortly after transplantation. Regeneration proceeded normally in these experiments providing that the transplant was rapidly vascularized. When vascularization was delayed or failed, regeneration was retarded or did not occur at all.These findings, taken in light of those of other works, suggest that the function of nerves under ordinary conditions may be assumed by other tissues under circumstances produced by transplantation. This in turn suggests that nerves influence regeneration in a generalized manner and that the specificity ordinarily associated with them may be quantitative rather than qualitative in nat

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091520403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors have previously described a hypoglycemia with age in the female AKR/JAX mouse which they attributed to the thymus gland. Using our own modification of Gomori's Aldehyde‐fuchsin stain, cells of the thymus were found to contain purple‐blue granules in degrees and gradations of numbers, sizes and form. It seems likely that these cells have the ability to produce and store a factor or hormone which could directly or indirectly affect the blood sugar. By their histology, these cells have been classified as reticular cells of the thymus in contrast to mast cells or lymphocytes. In their staining ability, appearance and occasional tendency to group themselves in “islets”, these cells do seem to closely resemble the Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. From an embryological point of view, the thymus and pancreas, both of entodermal origin, are related and it is suggested that this may also be case physiolo

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091520404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasurements of the straight line distances nasion‐bregma and bregma‐lambda and the curvature of the frontal and parietal bones have been made on serial lateral cephalometric radiographs of children. There was a very wide range of increments in nasion‐bregma and in bregma‐lambda. In one girl, there was no increase in bregma‐lambda and there was no change in the curvature of the parietal bone between the ages of three and ten years. Although the mean curvature of the parietal bones decreased with age, there were increases in the curvature of these bones in some children during the age range studied. Similar increases were noted, but much less commonly, in the fron

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091520405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTen rats with lesions in the olfactory bulb were used in this study. Degenerating fibers were followed by the Nauta‐Gygax silver impregnation technique and terminal changes were evaluated by the original Nauta technique. In these animals degenerating fibers can be traced into the lateral olfactory tract with projections to the olfactory tubercle, the fiberarchitectonic subareas of area 51 (with relative sparing of 51d), lateral olfactory nucleus, anterior amygdaloid area, cortical amygdaloid neucleus, medial amygdaloid nucleus and basomedial amygdaloid nucleus. Evidence for a projection to the lateral ventral entorhinal area is noted in all animals. No changes are noted in subiculum, hippocampus and stria terminalis; nor in the central, baso‐lateral or lateral amygdaloid nuc

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091520406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring a study of the effects of 600 r whole body x‐irradiation on male adult Sprague Dawley rats, rare cilia have been noted on reticular cells of normal and x‐irradiated rat spleen. They are of the 9+0 pattern and appear similar to those previously noted in other cells. The functional significance of these cilia is unkn

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091520407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBilateral inguinal sacs or outpouchings of the abdominal wall normally occur in Brown‐belt stock female mice. The length of each sac was determined to be from the caudal border of the pubic symphysis or interpubic ligament to the caudalmost extension of the sac. Sacs of control animals usually exceeded 1.0 mm in length and were longer in intact and ovariectomized mice treated with implanted testosterone pellets. There were no viscera observed in any of the inguinal sacs of the mice in this study. The bilateral inguinal sacs appear to be homologues of the scrota of males. The alterations in sac length produced by testosterone treatment are believed to be the result of changes in the connective tissue components of the sa

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091520408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNormally‐cycling female rats were electrically stimulated at various stages of the estrous cycle to test the effectiveness of a modified probe for the induction of pseudopregnancy. The ability to form decidua served as the criterion of successful response. The probe was constructed to deliver a cervical‐vaginal or vaginal‐vaginal stimulation rather than the usual cervical‐cervical stimulation. The electrical stimulus used consisted of 50 v at 200 pps for a five‐second duration. It was found to be effective throughout vaginal estrus but was much less effective during early and late proestrus or early metestrus. Placement of electrodes on the vaginal wall during stimulation was shown to be as effective as placing them on the cervices. As a result, rats may now be made pseudopregnant without visual placement of electrodes thereby simplifying and hastening the stimulation procedure and rendering it more suitable for routine use. Only 20–25 seconds were required to stimulate

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091520409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpecimens (obtained during oral and pharyngeal operations) from various regions of 33 normal human tongues were studied by silver staining and cholinesterase technics. The tongue was found to be innervated by three types of endings: nonmyelinated free endings, semiorganized coiled endings, and organized endings. All organized endings are mucocutaneous end organs in various sizes and shapes and are nonspecific‐cholinesterase positive.Correlation of new information with pertinent clinical and pathologic observations indicates that biopsy by refined histochemical methods might be useful in diagnosis in cases of tongue neuropathy such as glossodynia and glossopyrosi

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091520410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEmbryonic mouse mandibular tooth rudiments, completely excised from the host and placedin vitroat a “glass‐plasma clot” interface, fail to develop normally. The organization of the rudiment is destroyed by migration of cells into the cloth. Rudiment morphology is maintained and histodifferentiation occurs when such rudiments are grown on artificial filter membranes. In cultures of 16 day embryonic incisors, a “refractile” material is noted on the distal‐incisal‐labial side of the developing rudiment after three daysin vitrogrowth; this material increases in extent during subsequent growth. Histological sections show normal differentiation of the cells of the rudiment; extracellular matrices are deposited by the odontocytes and also by amelocytes. The position of amelocyte matrix correlates with that of the “refracticle” material seen in the living culture. The sequence of changes during cellular differentiationin vitrocorresponds to that

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091520411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY