摘要:

AbstractAn analysis was made on 140 adult chickens of the relationship between visual estimation of the degree of encroachment of the lumen of the vessel by plaques and such morphometric variables as weight, length, circumference, thickness, density, and combinations thereof of the thoracic and abdominal segments of the aorta. Aortic weight and thickness functions were found to be significantly correlated to scores, accounting in the two highest cases (thickness and weight/area of the abdominal segment, body weight held constant) for 46% (r = 0.68) and 42% (r = 0.65) respectively, of the variability in score. Correlations were considerably lower in the thoracic segment, the highest being r = 0.36 for weight/circumference. The scoring thoracic segment, the highest being r = 0.36 for weight/circumference. The scoring system thus has a basis in measurable physical changes in the wall of the blood vessel, but scoring apparently evaluates considerably more than was measured by the morphometric variables. The morphometric variables would probably serve best as means of comparing different scoring systems and as objective supplements to scoring. The procedure of choice would appear to be weight/area with body weight held constant (i.e. — partial correlation and/or covariance analysis

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091480402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing surgical removal of one eye, rats were permitted to survive for three days, one, two and four months, and before killing them they were injected with 2 mc of leucine‐H3intraperitoneally. The utilization of this radiochemical was investigated in the brain autoradiographically. In all groups of animals the uptake of radioleucine, as determined by microdensitometry, was significantly higher in the “degenerated” optic nerve and tract than in their “normal” counterparts, with the relative difference increasing with longer postoperative survival within the periods tested. This progressive net increase in the utilization of leucine‐H3was associated with an absolute increase in the number of glia cells. Similar, but attenuated, density differences were also obtained with relatively large‐aperture measurements over the stratum griseum of the superior colliculus in which the optic tract fibers terminate. In contrast, small‐aperture measurements of grain density over single neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus showed no difference in the utilization of leucine‐H3between the normal and subtotally deafferented sides. This suggests an absence of transneuronal changes in protein metabolism in the visual system of the rat as long as four months after unila

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091480403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the literature the nutrient artery to the diaphysis of the canine femur has been described as arising from the medial circumflex femoral artery which is a branch of the deep femoral artery. However in 19% to 100 canine hind extremities dissected after injection with colored media, the femoral nutrient artery arose from a large muscular branch (the proximal posterior femoral) of the superficial femoral artery. In 17% of 42 dogs one femur only was supplied by this variant. In three additional femurs other variations occurred.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091480404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091480405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pleural cupola is covered by a distinct dome‐shaped suprapleural membrane (Sibson's fascia) formed by a condensation of endothoracic fascia and continuous at its periphery with the more diffuse, loose endothoracic connective tissue lying between the ribs and the parietal pleura. This does not agree with the classic description of Sibson's fascia. It forms a discreet cervicothoraciccloisonwhich can be readily separated from the pleura and adjacent mediastinal structures. Attaching to the membrane are the vertebromembranous, transversomembranous, and costomembranous bands which are formed by prevertebral fascia. In addition, the last two suprapleural bands receive contributions from the fibrous remains of the scalenus minimus muscle. The muscle was found to be present on one or both sides in 30 out of 64 bodies (46.8%). The suprapleural membrane and bands can become hypertrophied and fibrous as a result of pathology in this cupola area of the lung. The bands have been implicated in certain clinical syndrome

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091480406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWistar strain albino rats were injected with 1 cm3of a 1% solution of trypan blue. Three types of dye were used: Matheson, Coleman and Bell, Chroma‐Gesellschaft and a highly purified sample. The dyes were injected on days 6, 7, and 8 of gestation. Fetuses were excised from days 16 through 20, fixed, decalcified where necessary, embedded in paraffin, serially sectioned and stained. Newborn young were treated similarly. Chroma‐Gesellaschaft trypan blue was without reproductive or teratogenic effect at the above doses. Increasing the dose did not increase the teratogenicity but did yield a decrease in litter size. Both Matheson, Coleman and Bell trypan blue and the purified sample were teratogenic. The most frequent neural defect observed was hydrocephalus. Serial sections of the newborn hydrocephalics showed an occluded or extremely tenotic aqueduct of Sylvius in 31 of 33 sectioned animals. The fetuses collected from days 18 through 20 also had occluded or stenotic aqueducts if hydrocephalic. Aqueductal stenosis or occlusion was present in 17‐day‐old fetuses, but hydrocephalic was not conclusively demonstrated at this age. Sixteen‐day‐old fetuses did not have aqueductal occlusion in any of those examined, but stenosis was evident. It is concluded that the defect predisposing to hydrocephalus in the young of trypan blue treated rats of this strain is aqueductal stenosis o

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091480407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFixation of the thyroid gland with formaldehyde‐ethanol‐acetic acid retains a larger proportion of colloid constituents than aqueous formaldehyde.Comparative histochemistry has revealed a larger proportion of protein, arginine, cabohydrates and iodinated material.The heterogeneous staining pattern was not observed after aqueous formaldehyde fixation.The intracellular globules and the early iodinated fraction of the colloid were similarly stained.Intracellular globules were not observed in aqueous formaldehyde‐fixed tissues.Only the more slowly labeled fraction of the colloid (large follicles), was stained by toluidine blue and also by bromphenol blue without mercury, indicative of basic pro

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091480408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTesticular fragments from newborn, 4, 14, 24, 37‐day old and mature rats were cultured using a modification of Trowell's method. Eagle's medium supplemented with amino acids, Na‐pyruvate and 10% calf serum was employed. Tissue fragments were fixed at time intervals for histologic study. In cultures of fragments from newborn and four‐day rats, gonocytes persisted and showed mitotic activity. In fragments from older but still immature animals, gonocyte‐like cells occasionally undergoing mitosis, appeared in the germinal epithelium after the fourth day in culture. Spermatocytes survived for approximately four weeks. More rapid degeneration of the germinal elements beyond spermatogonia was observed in cultures of mature testes. During the first six days in culture, cells resembling gonocytes, some in mitosis, appeared in the tubules. The studies have shown that under the conditions employed, Sertoli cells and gonocyte‐like could be maintained for at least four months in cultured fragments of testes from animals of various ages. In fragments from older animals, gonocyte‐like cells appeared shortly after initiation of culture while the more mature germinal elements ultimately

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091480409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe morphology of the cecal mucosa and the topographic distribution of certain mucosal enzymes were compared in conventional and germfree mice to investigate the phenomenon of cecal enlargement observed in germfree animals. The cecal mucosa is predominantly non‐villous in the conventional, but has a villous structure in the germfree mice. Alkaline phosphatase, in the conventional mice, is present in the striated border of a limited number of the epithelial cells lining the cecum; in the germfree mice almost all these epithelial cells show enzymatic activity. Acid phosphatase is more abundant in the epithelial cells and macrophages of the cecal mucosa of the conventional than of the germfree animals. Both groups show similar monoamine oxidase and reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase activity. The reduction of the villi, and the decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity in the conventional mice point to an involution of the mucosa as an absorptive organ. Barka ('63) has suggested that acid phosphatase may have a defensive function; its increase in the conventional animal would support this interpretation. The two oxidative enzymes studied apparently are not influenced by the intestinal flor

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091480410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the object of investigating the so‐called “feed‐back” mechanism whereby hormones from the various endocrine glands presumably influence the hypothalamus in its regulation of the hypophyseal tropic hormones, the effect of hypophysectomy, ovariectomy, thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy and adrenal medullectomy on the nucleolar size of neurons in 16 hypothalamic nuclei was studied. A total of forty‐five female albino rats was used. The nucleoli were measured under oil by means of a Cooke AEI image splitting eyepiece. For every rat 50 nucleoli in each of the 16 hypothalamic nuclei was measured, a total of 36,000 measurements. Hypophysectomy was found to affect all of the nuclei either after a short period (5 days) or after 60 days. Ovariectomy (20 days) caused nucleolar size changes in six nuclei, thyroidectomy (30 days) in eight, adrenalectomy (14 days) in all of the nuclei and adrenal medullectomy (30 days) in all of the nuclei. The results indicate that the absence of the various hormones does affect the activity of hypothalamic neurons as determined by nucleolar size changes. The use of the present methods also appears to “localize” centers for specific activities in the hypothalamus in some instances (e.g. ovariectomy) but not in others (e.g. a

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091480411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY