摘要:

AbstractPortions of pancreases were removed from nineteen and one‐half day fetuses from diabetic and nondiabetic rats. These explants were grown for four days in organ culture by the watch glass method.Four types of culture media were used: standard medium containing 165 mg of glucose per 100 ml; similar standard medium supplemented with 0.70 to 2.20 mU per ml of insulin (beef); high glucose medium containing 1050 mg of glucose per 100 ml; similar high glucose medium supplemented with 0.65 to 2.00 mU per ml of insulin (beef).In cultures of pancreases grown on standard media both with and without added insulin, there were large increases in the number of granulated beta cells.In cultures of pancreases of fetuses from diabetic rats, which were grown on high glucose medium, the high level of glucose maintained the cultures in a simulated diabetic environment in which few granulated beta cells appeared. Conversely, when the cultures of fetuses from diabetic rats were grown on high glucose medium with added insulin, there was an increase in the number of granulated beta cells.These observations suggest that the insulin level in the culture medium influences the granulation of the beta cel

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091570302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudy of the homeotic shifts of vertebral borders as affected by theDagene when on two different genetic backgrounds shows that the effects of both gene and genome are distinguishable. TheDain either one or two doses shifts both thoracolumbar and lumbosacral borders forward, particularly the former. The effect of the DA genome is in the same direction, but significantly greater, and the two combined are additive. The effect of the IIIDagenome, by contrast, is in the posterior direction and epistatic. It suppresses and tends to shift the localization ofDaeffect posteriorly. Significant differences between borders when considered separately and in relation to each other indicate differences of interaction between gene and genome. The fact that the only significant difference in the three way comparisons of border, genotype, and genome is between theDa/ + genotypes of IIIDaand DA as a manifestation of overdominance can be discounted because of the differences in border interaction. As reference points defining the relative size and position of the thoracic and lumbar regions, these borders reveal the activity of gene and genome to be an alteration of the relative size and position of the growth gradients of these two regions rather than a direct gene specific morphology.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091570303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamination of the lipid‐cytoplasm interface of the weakly osmiophilic fat droplets in developing adipose cells from chick bone marrow reveals that the lipid does not lie free in the cytoplasm, nor is it bounded by a membrane, but instead is encompassed by a highly ordered complex of small, 80 Å thick, filaments.In oblique sections, superimposition of the images of adjacent filaments results in a more or less continuous line which resembles a membrane. Perhaps this view of the system of filaments, in sections where heavily osmicated fat had retracted slightly from the interface, is responsible for reports that the lipid in adipose cells is enclosed by a membrane.It is suggested that a similar system of filaments may be visualized in adipose cells of other species after extraction of the strongly osmiophilic fat which obscures details at the surface of the lipid droplets.Although the true functional significance of the filaments is not yet known, the morphological evidence alone suggests that they may provide support for the lipid inclusions. An interpretation of the geometry of the filaments, consistent with the present evidence, is present

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091570304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBody and organ weights of 24 newborn dogs and 35 newborn cats were studied. All of the measurements, except weights of hypophysis, spinal cord and testes are larger in the dogs. As percentages of body weight, the organs are more equally divided, with seven organs relatively heavier in the dogs and eight in the cats. All except two of the measurements of the newborn dogs are more variable than in the newborn cats.All of the organs are significantly correlated with body weight in the dogs and all except one, in the cats. All 15 of the organs are significantly correlated with body length in the dogs and 13, in the cats. The intercorrelations of the organ weights are somewhat higher in the dogs.The coefficients of variation of the newborn are compared with similar coefficients in adult dogs and cats. Body weight, body length and the kidneys are more variable in the adult dogs and the other organs, so far as data are available, are more variable in the newborn dogs of both sexes. Seven organs are more variable in adult male cats and three in females. The newborn dog is more variable in body and organ weights than the newborn cat, but weights of body and organs are better correlated in the newborn dog than in the newborn cat.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091570305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐two albino rats were divided into three groups for chronic brain electrode implantation. The effects of subsequent stimulation and ablation of the subcommissural organ (SCO), the bilateral lateral hypothalamic nuclei (LH), and the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (FLD) on volume of water intake, and on concentration of urinary excretion were observed over twenty‐two hour periods of free access to water both before and after treatments.It was observed that neither stimulation nor lesion of the SCO resulted in disruption of water intake or of urinary volume and concentration. Similar stimulation of LH potentiated drinking, while similar lesions produced a hypodipsia that necessitated tube feeding. Lesions of LH produced, in addition, marked elevation of urine volume, but no change in urine concentration. Sectioning of the FLD was followed by effects similar to those following lesions of the LH nuc

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091570306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEndometrial acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied histochemically in rhesus monkeys treated with various combinations of estrogen (E, 17β‐estradiol and/or estriol), progesterone (P) and relaxin (R) or a low potent relaxin control preparation (NRF). In the cells of the uterine glands of the E‐treated animal, the apical cytoplasm showed intense activity of both phosphatases. This estrogenic response was depressed in the stratum functionale by P and in the stratum basale by PR. With E, acid phosphatase‐staining granules appeared in scattered stromal cells with eccentric nuclei. Addition of P or PR increased the number of acid phosphatase positive stromal cells, especially in the stratum functionale. With the exception of the sinus‐like channels and superficial vessels of the stratum functionale of monkeys treated with ER and EPR, all endothelium of capillary and precapillary vessels was rich in alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, acid alkaline phosphatases appear to be metabolically important components of the endometrium which undergo cyclic variation and reflect specific influences of the ovarian hormones; estrogens, progesterone and relaxin. The implications to human menstrual physiology are d

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091570307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractValves associated with major arterial branches at the base of the brain in rats were studied after fixation by perfusion with buffered aldehydes. These endothelial covered structures are entirely intimal. All cellular and non‐cellular elements of their core are laminated, including the PAS positive ground substance. Smooth muscle and nerve endings are not demonstrable. Reticular fibers form a substantial sheath around the base of each valve. Their location and morphology suggest that they may serve a regulatory function in maintaining proper intracerebral blood flo

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091570308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNulliparous, CFW mice were injected with 25 m̈c of tritiated thymidine on day 19 of pregnancy, and days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 of lactation. The animals were killed one hour after injection. The inguinal mammary glands were removed and processed for paraffin sectioning. Radioautographs were prepared, using the dipping technique.Quantitation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation for the intra‐ and interlobular (ducts) epithelium was performed by determining the percent of labeled epithelial cells in a large sample of cells (labeling index). It was concluded that epithelial cell sample sizes of 1,000–2,000 cells were adequate to measure mammary epithelial proliferation. A wave of epithelial proliferation was observed during early lactation. In the intralobular epithelium, a peak labeling index of 11.1% was attained on day two of lactation whereas a peak labeling index of 7.9% was observed on day three of lactation in the interlobular epithelium. Cells of the connective tissue and vascular bed proliferated in response to the growth of the mammary epithelium. Myoepithelial cells were frequently labeled on days two and three of lacta

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091570309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrozen sections from Indian and African elephant tongues were investigated neurohistologically. On the dorsum there are 3 to 5 vallate papillae. Foliate papillae consisting of 18 to 27 clefts are observed in the posterolateral region of the tongue. Wart‐like papillae are distributed along the lateral border of the tongue from the foliate papillae region to the apex. Vallate and foliate papillae contain serous glands but have no taste buds. They are supplied with abundant lamellated corpuscles of Pacinian type in their upper mucosa. The wart‐like papillae are composed of two or more papillae, each of which has many secondary papillae supplied with plexiform thin and thick nerves. They bear a few taste buds and contain lamellated corpuscles of Pacinian type.From these neurohistologic characteristics wart‐like papillae should be regarded as a receptive organ for secretion of the lingual glands. Lamellated corpuscles of Pacinian type are widely distributed over the whole surface of the tongue. The histologic location of these two structures is of interest in suggesting that they together play important roles as receptors of taste and tactile sensations during mastication of food. Double motor end plates are found on single muscle fibers. The mixed glands which are plentiful in the inferolateral area of the tongue are in close topographic relation with the wart‐like p

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091570310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNormal pelvic dimorphism is the result of the male pelvis acquiring morphological features during postnatal development that differ from those of the female. The first dimorphic features appear at 32 days of age. At 76 days of age the male pelvis has eleven dimorphic features that constitute the dimorphism of the normal adult. The development of five of the 11 features is dependent on the presence of the testes, whereas, the other six develop independently of the testes. The testes‐dependent features develop in males castrated at birth and treated with testosterone. The postnatal development of the female‐type pelvis in the normal female is not dependent on the presence of the ovar

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091570311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY