摘要:

AbstractThe ligaments of the tarsal sinus and canal, including the roots of the inferior extensor retinaculum, the cervical ligament and the ligament of the tarsal canal, have been restudied and their function has been correlated with the movements of inversion and eversion. The ligaments are extracapsular and their attachments are somewhat more complex than previously reported. A band of fibers, heretofore undescribed, has been designated as the “oblique talocalcaneal band.” It passes from the calcaneal attachment of the intermediate root of the inferior extensor retinaculum to join the talar attachment of the ligament of the tarsal canal.The ligament of the tarsal canal averages 5.6 mm in width and 1.6 mm in thickness compared with the cervical ligament which is 11.6 mm wide and 2.8 mm thick. The axis of talocalcaneal movement passes between the articular surfaces of the talocalcaneonavicular and subtalar joints and, as a consequence, these articulations move in directions opposite to one another in inversion and eversion. Direct observation during passive movement indicates that the cervical ligament limits inversion whereas the ligament of the tarsal canal plays little or no role in limiting either inversion or eversion. The ligament of the tarsal canal appears to maintain apposition of the talus and calcaneus in all positi

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRemoval of the pineal organ from small rodents may be rapidly accomplished by (1) immobilizing the skull in a head mounting device and (2) by cutting and removing a circular disc of bone overlying the pineal area with the use of a dental machine and a specially designed circle cutter.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirteen sinus node arteries from human material (2 months post partum to 68 years) were studied by various histologic techniques for connective tissue, muscle, and nerve distribution and arrangement. Its relationship to the sinus node is also emphasized. The outer longitudinal muscle coat of the artery is replaced with a thick adventitia. This loss of smooth muscle is not typically found in other coronary arteries. In addition, many nerve fibers, arranged both circularly and longitudinally, present the possibility of a pressoreceptor mechanism related not only to coronary blood pressure changes but also to the neurogenic control of the heart beat.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe skin of the mole (Scapanus townsendii) has the following characteristic features. (1) The epidermis is thin over the general body surface and very thick on the palms and muzzle. On the snout the epidermis has the specialized end‐organs of Eimer. (2) The dermis has no papillary body, and few elastic fibers, except in the eyelids where elastic fibers are more numerous. The arterioles in the deep dermis are surrounded by nerve filaments which are positive for alkaline phosphatase. (3) In the hairy skin, the apocrine sweat glands are large and numerous, the ducts opening upon the surface and not inside the pilary canals. The secretory epithelium of the glands contains alkaline phosphatase, but no cholinesterase. (4) There are approximately 3,000 hairs per cm2, and each hair follicle is surrounded by an end‐organ which contains alkaline phosphatase. (5) The small and spherical sebaceous glands are similar to those of the rode

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn apparatus for demineralization of hard tissues by constant replacement of a saturated solution of EDTA is described. This method allows for more rapid demineralization through better Ca chelation. EDTA demineralization preserves cells and matrix constituents particularly the mucopolysaccharides as demonstrated by staining, Alpharadiography, phase contrast microscopy and microincineration. Cold acetone fixation followed by cold EDTA demineralization retains several enzymic activities.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNormal rats injected intravenously with anti‐insulin guinea pig serum (AIS‐GP) exhibited a marked hyperglycemia which reached a maximum (>300 mg per 100 ml) at the third hour. The blood sugar was 172 mg per 100 ml by the eighth hour and was normal (100 mg per 100 ml) at 24 hours. Control animals injected with equal quantities of normal guinea pig serum did not show significant changes in blood sugar.In pancreatic tissue obtained from rats three hours after injection of AIS‐GP the aldehyde‐fuchsin staining granules of the beta cells were significantly fewer than in the controls. Quantitation studies indicated that in the AIS‐GP injected animals 26% of the islet volume was composed of 4+ and 3+ granulated beta cells as compared to 68% for rats injected with normal guinea pig serum. The cell granulation was normal 24 hours after injection of AIS‐GP. Electron microscopic studies confirmed that this decrease in aldehyde‐fuchsin staining was due to degranulation.The insulin content of microdissected islets obtained three hours after injection of AIS‐GP was significantly lower than that of the controls. The mean value (immunoassay determinations) for the AIS‐GP injected animals (89±30 units per gm dry weight of islet) was 38% that of the

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ameloblasts (and associated cells) of adult rat incisors were examined in sections stained with tannic acid‐phosphomolybdic acid‐amino black (TPA), a method which demonstrates the fibrillar structures of cytoplasm referred to as cell web, as well as terminal bars and desmosomes. These structures were analyzed at various stages of the life cycle of ameloblasts.The first sign of a cell web is found in the immature ameloblasts observed toward the end of the proliferation zone. Delicate vertical fibrils appear, which persist in various forms throughout the zones of differentiation, secretion, post‐secretion, pigmentation and regression. These vertical fibrils are present along the lateral cell wall in most zones. In the post‐secretion zone, a coarse fiber appears in the axis of the cell within the supranuclear region. This fiber splits at both ends into fine fibrils running toward the apex and base of the ameloblast, where delicate desmosomes are visible.A first set of terminal bars arises at the base of ameloblasts in the zone of proliferation. These “basal” terminal bars persist in all except the regression zone. A second set of terminal bars appears at the apex of the ameloblasts in the zone of differentiation. These “apical” terminal bars reach their maximal development in the secretion zone and disappear in the regression zone. Finally, desmosomes are prominent in the post‐secretion and pigmentation zones, mainly on the apical and basal surfaces of the cells.The staining of terminal bars and desmosomes with TPA is presumably due to the accumulation of cell web fibrils on these attachment sites. The cell web may impart rigidity to the cell and provide resistance to stress wherever the fibrils are inserted on desmosomes

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe previously described in the rat lymphocytic tissues peculiar cells referred to asautofluorescent cells. They are filled with cytoplasmic granules most of which emit a yellow autofluorescence under the fluorescence microscope. In this work, in an attempt to clarify the function of these cells, their distribution was investigated in the various tissues of the rat. Cells comparable to the autofluorescent cells were found in the stroma of the trachea, gut, ovaries, uterus and bone marrow. These areas are sites of antigenic challenges and have a high mitotic activity. Hence, their distribution can support our previous suggestions that these cells are involved in immunity or growth. The tissues were examined furthermore to see if their parenchymal cells would contain yellow autofluorescent granules. The cells of most tissues were found to have some granules. It is suggested that these granules represent organelles, or lipids associated with organelles involved in cellular work.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCertain anomalous conditions associated with the reproductive organs have arisen in a line of King‐Holtzmann hybrid rats maintained in our laboratory. These are sterile pseudohermaphroditic males in which the entire reproductive tract except the testes is missing; apparent males demonstrating an ectopic inguinal ring and testis on one or both sides; and sterile males with descended scrotal testes. The procedure developed by Moore ('55) for staining sex chromatin was applied to cells from liver, spinal cord, testis, and parotid gland of rats. A sex difference is clearly shown, however, only with the liver cells. Ford and Woollam's ('64) sequence for demonstrating mammalian chromosomes renders positive results on bone marrow cells. This method applied to liver and testis yields unsatisfactory results.Examination of idiograms and sex chromatin bodies from animals exhibiting the conditions outlined above leads to the following conclusions: (1) all abnormal animals studied are genetic males; and (2) the pseudohermaphrodites, though genetically male, exhibit a pattern of differentiation of chromosomes during the metaphase plate stage resembling that in the female.Similarities between certain anatomic and physiologic factors exhibited in pseudohermaphroditic rats and those present in “testicular feminization” in man are discussed. Male rats exhibiting an ectopic inguinal ring and testis and sterile males with descended scrotal testes also may have their counterpart i

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter sinistral ovariectomy of young chicks the right ovary develops into a testicular structure. This well known fact induced the author to study the development of the right ovary of chick embryos after early sinistral castration. In four‐day‐old embryos of various breeds and strains the left gonadal primordium was destroyed by local electro‐diathermic coagulation. The remaining right ovaries, developing until autopsy at 12‐ to 19‐days of incubation, as a rule showed a compensatory growth as well as a marked lacunarization of the medullary layer adjacent to the surface epithelium. The enlargement, verified by means of volumetric, planimetric and ocular micrometer measurements, was statistically significant from the fourteenth day onwards. The compensatory growth particularly concerned the ordinary medullary cord cells and the fat laden cells. The latter cells kept their lipid globules and their characteristics remained unchanged. No indications of masculinization were seen apart from a significant reduction of the incidence of cortical rudiments. As a whole the right ovary preserved its characteristic structure. Arguments are brought forward to substantiate the concept that hyperfunction of the pituitary gland of the hemicastrate is responsible for the modifications

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY