摘要:

AbstractThe blood supply of the rat mandible was studied in 12 adult animals using four techniques. Eight animals were injected with a cinnabar, mercury, zinc oxide mixture (Teichmann's paste) for dissection and for cleared specimens, two with radiopaque material, and two others with India ink. Findings indicate that the coronoid, condylar, and angular processes of the mandible are supplied by vessels which are primarily concerned with the nutrition of the muscles that attach to these areas, and not from the inferior alveolar artery. The inferior alveolar artery supplies the body of the mandible, teeth and adjacent structures. After entering the mandibular foramen this artery bifurcates beneath the third molar tooth. The larger inferior stem passes downward and backward to supply multiple branches to the pulp of incisor tooth and branches to the periodontium about this tooth. The superior stem passes forward beneath the apices of the molar teeth to supply them and the adjacent tissue. The venous drainage of the bone varies – the coronoid and condylar processes drain downward into a confluence of venous channels about the apex of the incisor tooth. Veins of the molar teeth and supporting structures pass through the bone into gingival veins. Concentrations of venous channels primarily draining the angle and condyle are found along the inferior border of the angle and above, where the angular process joins the body prope

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pituitary gland of a normal LAF1mouse was reconstructed from serial coronal sections. Alcian blue positive cells (thyrotropes) were found in greater abundance in the mid portion of the gland. Pooled cell counts from every tenth section yielded an overall frequency of 0.43% alcian blue positive cells.The average frequency of these cells was also assessed in a group of eight normal mice. Cell counts in random coronal sections from the mid portion of each pituitary revealed a mean percentage of 0.87 alcian blue positive cells.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith environmental factors rigidly standardized, Sprague‐Dawley rats were maintained under the following lighting schedules: (1) artificial light 0600 to 1800 alternating with 12 hours of darkness‐LD, (2) reversal of the above‐DL, (3) constant darkness‐DD, and (4) constant illumination‐LL.During each regimen, both total and differential white blood counts of tail blood were done in a hemocytometer and then were compared to differential counts done by the smear technique on groups of 16 animals at bi‐hourly intervals over a 24‐hour period. Rhythms in lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils were found under all lighting conditions by plotting the bi‐hourly mean values of the absolute counts along the 24‐hour time scale; rhythms were not found when the means of the differential counts were plotted. The DL rhythms always were the reverse of the ones seen in LD.In LD, DL, and DD, but not in LL, the rhythms of the three cell types were synchronized, that is, their peaks and troughs occur at about the same time each day.Some evidence, based on desynchronization from LD rhythms, suggests that all three cells types in DD and the lymphoctyes in LL were or had been at one time free‐running.Expressed as an overall increase in magnitude, the greatest response in the three cell types to abnormal lighting conditions (DL, DD, and LL) was seen in the neutrophils.Similar determinations made on a second colony of hypophysectomized animals maintained under LD conditions demonstrated that hypophysectomy did not abolish the rhythm characteristic of lymphocytes, since the timing was identical to the rhythm seen in normal LD animals. There was, however, a lymphocytosis in the hypophysectomized group. Hypophysectomy greatly modified, but did not abolish the eosinophil and neutrophil rhythms.The significance of periodicity analysis in relation to bi

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe bovine sinus node is in a location similar to that in the human and canine hearts, but it contains no central large artery whereas the sinus node in the other two species is distinctly organized about such an artery. This suggests the bovine sinus node may function as a more primitive structure. The arterial supply of the bovine sinus node originates from the proximal left circumflex artery. The AV node and bundle are similar in all three species in location and internal anatomy. The human and bovine AV node and bundle are supplied by a single artery entering from the posterior wall of the heart, while the dog has an equally large branch to this region from the septal artery.The os cordis is a large constant bone lying near the junction of the interatrial and interventricular septa of the beef heart and extending anteriorly into the AV valve rings, especially the right. The AV node lies parallel to the os cordis on its right atrial side and the AV bundle courses beneath the bone. Possible functions of the os cordis are considered.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of injecting adrenalin at a critical period in pregnant rabbits was investigated. This critical period is around the twenty‐second day of pregnancy, when the maternal blood supply to the uterus is naturally low. The relative weights of thymus, spleen and appendix and the total body weights of the fetuses were measured both one week after the injection and eight weeks after birth to examine long range effects. Controls consisted of saline‐injected and untreated rabbits.The adrenalin injection reduced significantly the fetal weight compared with that of the controls. The relative thymus weight was found to be significantly correlated positively with fetal weight in both adrenalin‐treated animals and controls. However, there was no significant difference in relative thymus weight between the two groups.Of the two litters raised to eight weeks, the young of the untreated litter showed a fairly constant growth rate. The pups of the adrenalin‐treated litter started out smaller than the controls but at about three and one‐half weeks the former overtook the controls; at eight weeks they were, on the average, larger. With this small sample size, the difference in weights cannot be shown to be statistically significant, but the litters show consistent di

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe intercingulate connections of the Macaque hemisphere were studied by the Loyez and cresyl violet techniques in 15 specimens 19 to 29 months following hemicerebrectomy. Demyelination and pathological gliosis in the posterior part of the corpus callosum were traced to the upper crown and bank of the cingulate gyrus. LC3cortex, from which cingulum fibers arise, was devoid of these changes. The gliosis increased superiorly toward medial parietal cortex. Examined in light of known thalamic projections it appears that in general there is an inverse relation between the number of commissural connections and the thalamic afferents.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple and inexpensive method of fabricating transparent plastic, large capacity, rectangular display jars for preserved wet specimens is described. Simple tools are used, including a holder for a tape‐type heating element and a bending jig which are easily fashioned from available material. The jars are permanent, moisture tight, and provide quality and uniformity at low cos

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple procedure is described for obtaining both cytoarchitectural and ultrastructural information about nervous tissue. Freshly excised fish retinas were impregnated by a modification of Cajal's rapid Golgi procedure, embedded in Epon, sectioned at 80 μ, and scanned by light microscopy. Isolated well‐impregnated cells were selected for further study and remounted for ultrathin sectioning. The appearance of 80‐μ, 1‐μ, and ultrathin sections was correlated.The material responsible for Golgi impregnation is a water‐soluble, electron‐dense precipitate which usually fills the cytoplasmic ground substance but does not penetrate the plasma membrane or membrane‐bound organelles. Preservation of ultrastructure of spared organelles permits identification of cells. Since the precipitate does not encrust the outer surface but is contained within the plasma membrane, it does not obscure fine‐structural relationships between cells. The method has demonstrated the complex relations of horizontal and bipolar cell processes to the receptor synaptic terminals.While less comprehensive than three‐dimensional reconstruction from serial ultrathin sections, this method is much simpler, and is useful for surveying larger amounts of tissue. It may be particularly advantageous for investigating ultrastructural relationships of cell processes which are so long as to prohibit s

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBrain stem nuclei whose neurons contain monoamines have been surveyed by Dahlström and Fuxe ('64), using a fluorescence histochemical method. There was a diffuse fluorescence of the perikarya in these regions, with increases in catechol amine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine fluorescence after administration of dihydroxyphenylanine and pargyline, respectively. The perikarya of the locus coeruleus, nucleus dorsalis raphes and the region lateral to the nucleus interpeduncularis where numerous monoamine‐containing neurons are located, have been examined by electronmicroscopy and found not to be distinctive, except for small numbers of granular vesicles scattered in the cytoplasm. When three normal rats were compared with three given pargyline, no significant increase in the number of granular vesicles occurred in the nucleus dorsalis raphes. Thus the small number of granular vesicles does not seem to correlate with the diffuse fluorescence of these perikarya, nor does the small change in the number of granular vesicles seem to correlate with the profound increase in fluorescence after pargyline administration. It is therefore concluded that the monoamine contained in these perikarya is not located exclusively, if at all, in vesicles either of the granular or nongranular

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA group of 30 pregnant rats was subdivided into three experimental groups of ten animals each. The first and second received choline‐deficient and choline‐supplemented diets respectively during the usual 21 days of gestation. The third was fed a choline‐deficient diet an additional 30 days prior to insemination, and subsequently during the usual period of gestation.Groups of ten non‐pregnant animals received the choline‐deficient and choline‐supplemented diets respectively for 21 days, a period comparable to that of gestation.Choline supplementation of the basal (choline‐deficient) diet resulted in a complete absence of stainable lipid in the livers of pregnant and fetal rats.The stress effects of pregnancy on increased susceptibility to choline deficiency were assessed by comparing the amount of stainable fat (in frozen sections) in the livers of pregnant rats maintained on the choline‐deficient diets during the period of gestation with that in livers of non‐pregnant rats fed the deficient diet for the same length of time.Under the conditions of this experiment, the stress effects of pregnancy increased susceptibility to choline deficiency, as evidenced by the increased accumulation of fat in both maternal

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY