摘要:

AbstractThe ultrastructure of Kupffer cells of canine liver has been studied and described. Kupffer cell nuclei were elongated and irregular in shape having a prominent double nuclear envelope containing scattered ribosomes on the outer membrane. Mitochondria were small, relatively scarce, and contained few mitochondrial granules. Elements of endoplasmic reticulum were scarce and highly irregular in form. In general, the cytoplasm was less dense than hepatocytes and contained fewer organelles which were less compactly arranged than in hepatocytes. Microbodies were not observed in any of the Kupffer cells studied. The cytoplasm contained various numbers of large phagosomes but consistently contained numerous dense cytosomes of various sizes. The most striking finding was that many cytosomes and phagosomes contained large numbers of short microtubules approximately 350 Å in diameter which were arranged in clusters and were associated with membanes

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091630401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEndobronchial lavage was performed on eight smokers and eight nonsmokers. Centrifugation of lavage fluid produces a sediment consisting of two layers, a lower compact brown layer containing cells and an upper flocculent white layer. The brown layers from the smokers were greater in volume than those from the nonsmokers. Macrophages constituted about 93% of the cells from the smokers and about 63% of the cells from the nonsmokers. These data suggest that more free macrophages occur in the lungs of smokers than nonsmokers. In addition, many of the macrophages obtained from the smokers were filled with cytoplasmic inclusions. The volumes of white layers from the smokers were smaller than those from the non‐smokers. One white layer obtained from a nonsmoker was examined in a Wilhelmy balance and proved to be surface‐active. This may suggest that surface‐active material, pulmonary surfactant, is reduced in lavage fluids from sm

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091630402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe morphology of platelets fixed in acetaldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetroxide was compared with that of platelets fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Many platelets became rounded after acetaldhyde fixation. Membranes, granules and mitochondria were well preserved and cytoplasmic microfilaments became apparent. Very dense granules were obvious after acetaldehyde fixation alone and after acetaldehyde/glutaraldehyde/osmium tetroxide triple fixation, but not after acetaldehyde/osmium tetroxide double fixation. Microtubules were never seen. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles assumed exaggerated prominence. The authors relate the alterations in the vacuolar system and changes in platelet shape to a loss of cytoplasmic microtubules. They suggest that the changes are induced, in part by the low temperature of fixation, and in part by the weak fixative action of the aldehyde.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091630403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe vascular supply to the skin of pigs was studied in animals perfused with the dye, monastral fast blue. The arrangement of the blood vessels in control animals was in three plexuses, similar to that in other mammals but with the middle plexus poorly developed.A litter of pigs was divided into two groups at the age of 12 days and one group was raised in a warm room and the other in a cold room. The pigs were killed at age three months when the warm room was 35°C and the cold room 5°C. A quantitative evaluation of the blood supply to the skin of the experimental animals revealed that the pigs from the warm room had more blood vessels in the skin than those raised in the cold; the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). In the case of pigs from a second litter reared at 35°C and 20°C, no significant difference in the number of blood vessels was detec

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091630404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to evaluate pathological alterations of the inclusion bodies of Type II cells in the mammalian lung, normal morphology of inclusions has been studied in rabbit, sheep, rat, mouse, dog, hamster and guinea pig. In rabbit, and sheep the fetal development of the inclusions has also been investigated.After a standard method of fixation, three different types of inclusions have been found in the species studied. The first type of inclusion is seen in the fetal rabbit, fetal sheep, dog, rat and mouse. In these species the inclusions contain heavily osmiophilic, coarsely lamellar material. In all of these species, the inclusions seem to form from an interaction between tubulo‐vesicular bodies, located near the Golgi apparatus, and multivesicular bodies. These are certain variations in the appearance of the inclusions among these species.The second type of inclusion is seen in the hamster and guinea pig, in which lightly osmiophilic material accumulates during the maturation of the inclusions. In these species, a granular dense body seems to occupy an important role in the formation of the inclusion bodies.In the third group, the postnatal rabbit and sheep, the inclusions appear vacuolated.It is postulated that the seemingly inconsistent results of the acid phosphatase activity of inclusions in several species may indeed be a reflection of species differences in the mode of formation of inclusion bodie

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091630405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRepresentative pieces of labyrinth of near‐term chorioallantoic placentas from three species ofDipodomysand one species ofMicrodipodopswere fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and examined with the electron microscope. The barrier separating the fetal and maternal blood streams in the labyrinth was found to consist of (1) the fetal endothelium and its associated basal lamina (basement membrane), (2) a single layer of trophoblast which is cellular rather than syncytial, and (3) the maternal endothelium and its associated basal lamina. Thus the chorioallantoic placenta appears to be of the endotheliochorial type in these rodents rather than hemochorial or hemoendothelial as previously suggeste

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091630406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA line sampling method was used to determine the relative volumes of various cell types in the mucosa of the body of the rat stomach. The technique was simple to perform, reproducible and independent of many variables inherent in previous cell counting techniques. Weights of the various cell types were calculated from stomach weights, relative mucosal volumes and cell concentrations in the mucosa. In the five animals studied, gastric body mucosa average 40% of the stomach weight and 1.8 gm per kg of rat. Parietal cells averaged 40% of the gastric body mucosa weight and 0.7 gm per kg of rat. There was no significant variation in parietal cell concentration throughout the gastric body mucosa of the rat. Chief cells averaged 18% of the gastric body mucosa and 0.3 gm per kg of rat. Up to three‐fold variations in chief cell concentration occurred with highest concentrations near the greater curvature and in proximal areas of the body mucosa. Mucous surface cells, mucous neck cells, and connective tissue made up 22, 9, and 7% of the body mucosa respectively and showed only minor varitions in concentratio

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091630407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe deciduomal response to uterine trauma in pesudopregnant hamsters has been studied. Trauma was effected in one uterine horn by leaving a sterile silk thread in the lumen, pulling a thread through the lumen, injecting oil or air into the lumen or crushing the horn with a hemostat. At autopsy the traumatized and untraumatized horns were weighed separately and examined histologically for a deciduomal reaction. The day of greatest uterine sensitivity was found to be day 4 of pseudopregnancy, and maximal deciduomal growth (mean uterine weight ± S.E. = 2582 ± 279 mg) occurred by day 8. No significant further increase in uterine weight was seen by day 9, and by day 10 separation of the deciduoma from the myometrium had begun. Leaving a thread in the uterine lumen produced a significantly greater uterine weight by day 8 than with any other stimulus, but good deciduomal responses (uterine weights of 1679 ± 245, 1255 ± 156 and 1192 ± 219 mg) were induced by oil injection, pulling a thead through the uterus and crushing the uterus respectively. A poor reponse was produced by air injection. At no particular time during day 4 of pseudopregnancy was it possible to demonstrate a peak of uterine sensitivity using as a traumatic stimulus either oil injection or pulling a thread through the lumen. In this respect hamsters differ from both rats and mice, which have well defined peaks of maximal uterine sensiti

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091630408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHearts of mice were fixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon, sectioned for electron miscroscopy and stained with uranyl acetate. Various regions of these hearts were examined for neuromuscular relationships. Unmyelinated nerve bundles with partial Schwann cell investment, frequently are present within the perivascular spaces of capillaries and arterioles in the myocardium of all regions studied. Neuromuscular junctions are located in the myocardium of the right atrium, the inter‐ventricular septum and the outer ventricular walls. Neuromuscular junctions seem to be absent from the myocardium of the apex. Previously reported neuro‐effector relationships within various tissues are discussed in relation to the findings of this st

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091630409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSkin samples from 16 genera and 19 species of bats were studied histologically. These and review of the literature revealed musculi arrectores pilorum composed of smooth muscle present only in Megachiroptera and complex cutaneous striated muscle systems best developed in Microchiroptera. Smooth muscle arrectores of the mid‐dorsal neck skin ofHypsignathus monstrosusare described in detail and resemble those of generalized structure in other mammalian Orders. Shoulder pouches of the epaulet bats (EpomophorusandEpomops) contain compound smooth and striated muscle systems for eversion of hair tufts and pouch respectively. An evolutionary trend within the Chiroptera of reduction in smooth muscle arrectores and replacement by integumentary striated muscle fibers is suggeste

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091630410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY