摘要:

AbstractNormal parathyroid glands exhibited two distinct cellular types: one type of cell had a large round nucleus containing fine chromatin granules and a nucleolus; the other type had a round or spindle‐shaped nucleus with densely‐packed chromatin. The following hormonal preparations were tested and failed to alter parathyroid histology: relaxin extract (R), estradiol cyclopentylpropionate (ECP), combined ECP and R, or various combinations of these hormones with progesterone or cortisone acetate. The pubic joints of the mice underwent the anticipated hormonally‐induced changes. Our results are at variance with those of Chase and Shanmugasundaram ('64) who (a) described only one cell type in the mouse parathyroid and (b) reported that relaxin alone or a combination of estrogen and relaxin induced cellular changes suggestive of increased glandular function. The two studies are apparently irreconcilable; however, we did note in about 30% of our mice variable lymphatic aggregates in the thyro‐parathyroid complex. Although not actually related to hormonal treatments, it is conceivable that in a small series of animals and without serial sectioning, such lymphatic tissue might be mistaken for altered parathyroi

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe osita of the left and right coronary arteries differ as to location, the distribution of surrounding muscle bundles, and in the extension of aortic elements into the proximal segments of the vessels. The muscle of the media of the right coronary artery is composed of thick bundles describing a helical contour and arranged in repetitive segments. Multiple muscle bundles make up the media of the anterier descending and circumflex arteries, and each bundle arises separately from different quadrants of the adventitia. Contraction of the muscle bundles may generate intramural physical forces. Ostial regions, sites of nearly continual deformation from the pulse wave, develop focal physical forces. Accentuation of these physical forces may occur in certain regions and result in the alteration of the histology of the artery by depositing connective tissue elements.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntimal hypertrophy is located irregularly along the coronary arteries. These irregular formations appear related to areas where accentuated intramural physical forces develop. Intimal hypertrophy develops diffusely around ostia of secondary branches apparently due to its anisotropic expansion with each pulse pressure wave. Discrete intimal hypertrophy occurs near the ostium of branch arteries which are guarded by a circumferential muscle. Diffuse intimal hypertrophy occurs in arteries supplying the posterior papillary muscles, and conversely, a barely detectable intima is seen in the arteries to the anterior papillary muscles or in the branch arteries to the ventricular wall. Intimal hypertrophy may be related to areas where naturally occurring shear or radial forces are accentuated. Regional intimal hypertrophy is present by 12 years of age in man and increases in amount and in its diffuseness with age.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFourteen mature male rats were fed a sodium‐deficient diet for six weeks. After three weeks on the diet, electrical ablations were made in the region of the subcommissural organ. During the six‐week period measurements were made of water intake, urine output, and urinary sodium output. A second group of five one‐month‐old male rats was given the sodium‐deficient diet and seven litter‐mates a control diet. Five months later, the adrenals and subcommissural organs were studied histologically. The results obtained indicate that: (1) subcommissural organ ablation does not change urinary sodium excretion; (2) sodium deprivation, although producing significant changes in the width of the adrenal zona glomerulosa, does not affect the periodic acid‐Schiff reactive material in the subcommissural organ; (3) complete subcommissural organ ablation is associated with decreased urine output and water intake; (4) partial subcommissural organ ablation combined with destruction of structures in and around the rostral periaqueductal gray matter and adjacent diencephalon is associated with increased urine output and water intake; (5) lesions which failed to involve significantly the aforementioned areas are associated with no change in urine output or

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe arterial system of 27 ICR/Albino mice was studied by: (1) examining 8 μ thick serial histological sections, (2) observing under the dissecting microscope the interior of arterial segments split longitudinally, (3) making reconstruction models, 100 times magnified from serial sections and (4) applying various histological and histochemical stains to determine morphological details. Almost regularly at each point of origin of an arterial branch, a structure forming a specific anatomical entity was observed and referred to as an intraluminal projection. A typical projection consists: (1) of an elevation or cushion located at the proximal edge of the orifice, (2) of two collateral ridges running distally at the sides of the orifice and becoming gradually thinner and taller, and (3) of a union of collateral ridges into a semilunar, flap‐like, movable structure guarding the distal edge of the orifice. Imperfectly developed intraluminal projections were occasionally encountered at the origin of large arteries from the abdominal aorta. Histologically a projection is entirely luminal to the internal elastic membrane, has an endothelial covering of thickened endothelial cells and consists of a stroma containing polygonal elongated cells which have oval nuclei and resemble smooth muscle fibers. They are surrounded by a network of elastic and reticular fibers. The intraluminal projections may regulate the volume and pressure of blood entering the branch by sphincteric and valvular mechanis

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVarious conflicting views relating to the phylogenetic history of the interossei are reviewed. The primitive mammalian (marsupial) precursors of these muscles are shown to present a bilaminar arrangement: a dorsal layer of four bipennate abductor muscles (inserting into a proximal phalanx) is overlaid ventrally by a sheet of ten flexores breves, grouped in pairs, and inserting as wing tendons into either side of the extensor aponeurosis of the corresponding digit. The homologues of these muscles are identified in the hands of representative Primates includingHomo. The dorsal abductors become the dorsal interossei proper; the flexores breves become the palmar interossei, which are therefore frequently more numerous than the four found in man. Certain of the flexores breves show a tendency to merge with those subjacent abductors with which they insert. Thus, the descriptive human dorsal interossei are composite muscles resulting from the amalgamation of a flexor brevis with a dorsal interosseous proper. Comparative morphology is shown to provide a logical basis for the understanding of the extensor apparatus of the human fingers.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe glycogen, protein and absolute cell numbers of the developing rabbit corpus luteum were measured from 24 hours to 192 hours after mating. There was no significant alteration in the protein content, which was approximately 9%. The glycogen content increased significantly from 0.14% at 24 hours to 0.26% at 120 hours and subsequently remained constant. The cell numbers were determined by homogenizing the tissue and the nuclei were counted in a Neubauer hemocytometer. The total cell numbers increased from 10 × 104, of which 65% (6.3 × 104) were luteal cells, to 67 × 104where 21% (9.8 × 104) were luteal cells. It was not determined whether the increase in luteal cells was due to mitotic division or transformation of the other cell types into luteal ce

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhosphorylase and UDPG‐glycogen synthetase were studied in the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder, large intestine, skeletal muscle (adductors of thigh), and esophagus of the adult male and female rat. The two enzymes were investigated by histochemical and biochemical procedures.In the skeletal muscle of the thigh and esophagus, UDPG‐glycogen synthetase was not as strong as phosphorylase. The latter enzyme was strong in the smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder and large intestine. The response was better in the inner circular than in the outer longitudinal layer of the large intestine. Only phosphorylase was detected in the muscularis mucosa of the esophagus and large intestine. UPDG‐glycogen synthetase activity varied from a good response to a very weak one in the smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder and large intestine. In the latter organ the response was stronger in the inner circular than in the outer longitudinal layer. From the biochemical studies phosphorylase and UDPG‐glycogen synthetase were determined to be present in significant amounts in the urinary bladder, large intestine, and skeletal muscle of the thigh.Since significant amounts of the enzymes are present in smooth muscle, glycogen may be synthesized from UPDG by the action of UDPG‐glycogen synthetase, while phosphorylase is concerned with the breakdown of glycogen to G‐1‐P. However, more information on the relationship of the enzyme to glycogen concentration in smooth mus

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBlood removed from the heart of newborn rats from mothers exposed during gestation to 18,000 feet altitude showed significantly marked increases in red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit as compared to newborn rats held at ground level, 750 feet elevation. The peripheral blood from newborn rats similarly treated was found to have greater significant increases in white blood cells, red blood cells, amount of hemoglobin and higher hematocrit readings than the heart blood. Percentagewise the white blood cells from the periphery increased far more than the other blood constituents. Under these experimental conditions the number of live births, litter size and weight of the newborn were greatly reduced.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhite rats were exposed to atmospheric pressures equivalent to 18,000 feet altitude for approximately 24 hours a day for as long as four months. Ratio between glomeruli and non‐glomerular cortical tissue was determined using the Chalkley technique. Mean cross‐sectional glomerular area was determined using a delineascope projection method. Conclusions reached as a result of this study are: (a) A decrease in kidney weight per 100 gm body weight is observed in altitude acclimatized rats compared to ground level control animals. Kidneys of rats at high altitudes weighed 15% ± 2.9% less than controls. (b) A decrease in the amount of non‐glomerular tissue per glomerulus is noted in animals at high altitude. (c) A decrease in mean glomerular area was observed in animals at high altitudes.Since no gross change in volume of renal cortex is observed during acclimatization, the conclusion is drawn from this information that during altitude acclimatization an increase in the total number of functioning nephrons

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091530311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY