摘要:

AbstractSomatotropic (STH) and lactotropic (LTH) cell types of the Syrian hamster's adenohypophysis are readily identified by electron microscopy. Pituitaries of growing and lactating animals were studied to establish the identity of these cell types. The pituitaries of normal, gonadectomized and thyroidectomized adult male and female hamsters were also examined. Distribution of these cell types was determined by examining all blocks of half the gland in adults and of the whole gland in immature animals. Electron microscopic fields were systematically photographed and cell types counted.The STH and LTH cells are distinguished by the size of the secretory granules which measure maximally 300 and 700 mμ, respectively. A marked predominance of STH and LTH cells is present in the intact adult female gland. Approximately equal numbers of STH and LTH cells are seen in the female gland, whereas, there are significantly fewer LTH cells in the male adenohypophysis. The proportion of the gland comprising STH cells, however, appears to be constant in both male and female.Both cell types are distributed throughout the gland with no regional localization

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091620201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne ovary was removed from 28 gilts and the uterus was transected, closed and anastomosed in one of four patterns. In three of the patterns the uterine horns were jointed near the uterotubal junction and in the fourth pattern the uterus formed one continuous tube from one oviduct to the cervix. Gilts were mated, then killed at 15 to 60 days of gestation when fetuses were located. The proportion of gilts pregnant was lower (P<0.05) in the two groups requiring passage of sperm through an anastomosis than in the two groups where fertilization did not require that sperm traverse an anastomosis. Ten gilts were pregnant when killed and embryos were distributed in both horns in each gilt. Embryos can pass through an anastomosis and migrate and are spaced quite evenly even after disturbance of the normal anatomical relationships between uterine horns.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091620202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe appearance of albumin‐like antigen and of radioisotope in mouse ovarian follicles following the systemic injection of 10 mg human serum albumin I131(HSAI131) was studied by immunohistological and autoradiographic methods.Both isotope and antigen appeared in granulosa cell cytoplasm, ooplasm and oocyte nuclei in similar (or identical) positions. Qualitative impressions from fluorescent antibody preparations were that follicle stages (I, smallest; IX, largest) differed in relative amounts of detectable albumin‐like antigen. In addition, autoradiographic grain counts over 1421 follicles, compared by Sign Test, demonstrated statistically significant stage differences in amount of isotope detected. Radiolabel (and HSA‐like antigen) in ooplasm was highest at Stages I and VII‐IX and lowest at Stage III. Granulosa cell amounts were highest at Stage III and higher than or equal to ooplasm amounts at every other stage (except, perhaps IX). The relative amount of “label,” antigenic or isotopic, in oocyte nuclei was always less than in ooplasm and increase or decrease occurred one stage later than in ooplasm. The relative amount of radiolabel in ovarian blood vessels always exceeded that in granulosa cells and oocytes.The data are consistent with the interpretation that: (a) systemically injected foreign protein was transferred without major degradation from the blood to constituent cells of the mouse ovarian follicle; (b) transfer was stage dependent; (c) transfer occurred both before granulosa cells completely surrounded the oocyte and after oocyte microvilli and granulosa cell processes interdigitated; and, (d) transfer followed a concentrati

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091620203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUltrastructural and histochemical studies have revealed that the mouse colonic mucous membrane receives an extensive autonomic innervation. Nerve fibers enter the mucous membrane through the muscularis mucosae and ramify in the lamina propria where they were often seen in close proximity to smooth muscle cells. Other axons were seen accompanying blood vessels or passing along the basal aspect of the epithelium subjacent to the basement membrane; none were seen either entering the epithelium or within it.Several methods of fixation were employed in order to study their effects on intraaxonal vesicles. It was found that in tissue fixed in either glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer, or in osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer, the granular vesicles were better preserved than in tissue fixed in a chrome‐osmium tetroxide mixture. The nerve fibers contained mainly agranular vesicles and large granular vesicles (600–1700 Å). Small granular vesicles (300–600 Å) usually associated with adrenergic nerves and specific green fluorescence indicative of catecholamines were only occasionally seen in the mucous membrane. Reserpine depleted the small granular vesicles and also abolished specific fluorescence.Ultrastructural studies showed that the large majority of nerve fibers were acetylcholinesterase positive.These findings indicate that the innervation of the colonic mucous membrane is predominantly cholinergic and that the adrenergic innervation is

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091620204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe silver‐substitution procedure originally recommended by von Kossa was modified to localize soluble phosphate in bone cells. Calvaria from newborn to five‐day‐old Wistar rats were stained fresh in 0.03% Ag acetate prepared in 5% mannitol solution. The substituted silver was reduced to its metallic state with 1% pyrogallol. The tissues were then dehydrated, cleared, and mounted whole. The cytoplasm of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts contained black granules which were thought to be sites of phosphates or carbonates. The intracellular black granules were shown not to be due to either chloride precipitation or to silver reduction by ascorbic acid. Both of these compounds were localized outside the cells. Tests to determine the state of the localized phosphate or carbonate in the cells showed that the anions were not in the ionic or diffusible state nor organically bound, but complexed to calcium. This was shown by elution of phosphates from the cells when calcium was chelated by Na2EDTA in 5% mannitol solution at pH 7. The intracellular black granules were thought not to be sites of insoluble calcium phosphate or carbonate but sites of readily stainable, calcium phosphate which is rendered nondiffusible by being bound to protein or mucopr

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091620205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStructures identified as subsurface cisterns (SSC's) have been observed in a variety of nerve cells from several different species. The SSC's occurred only in neurons and were most often opposite what appeared to be glial cells. Upon acrolein‐glutaraldehyde fixation, they appeared as distinct cytoplasmic organelles consisting of a short 0.5 μ long pentalaminate membrane in close parallel to the neuronal plasmalemma on one side, and parallel to an equally long segment of endoplasmic reticulum on the other side. A direct continuity was found between this segment of endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear membrane, suggesting that a form of communication may exist between the neuronal nucleus and the subsurface cistern. Occasionally the segment of endoplasmic reticulum was missing and in its place a mitochondrion appeared which seemed to be in direct contact with the pentalaminate membra

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091620206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEggs from 79 Chinese hamsters,Cricetulus griseus, were examined at various times from before ovulation on the day of mating (Day 0) to implantation (Days 5–6). The animals were kept under reversed lighting (dark period 8 AM to 8 PM). Ovulation occurred between approximately 4 and 6 PM; mean number of eggs recovered per female was 7.6 ± 0.2. Sperm penetration was almost complete by midnight on Day 0. Of 131 eggs collected on Days 1–4, 102 (78%) were fertilized; (females without fertilized eggs excluded). The midpiece and tail of the fertilizing sperm were found in the cytoplasm of only 9% of pronuclear or cleaved eggs, and remained in the perivitelline space of 74%; in the other 17% eggs the sperm tail and most of the midpiece were outside the zona pellucida or were missing at recovery. No polyspermic eggs were found.The first three cleavages took place at 20–26 hour intervals after ovulation. Eggs reached the blastocyst stage in the oviduct and entered the uterus more than 96 hours post‐ovulation. Implantation occurred between Days

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091620207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy reconstructing tendon organs in detail from serial cross sections, a prediction is made on how these sensors might affect their nerve endings during changes in tension at musculotendinous junctions. Tendon organs are composed of specialized encapsulated fascicles of dense collagen which are offshoots from the primary tendon of origin or insertion of a muscle. Fascicles project into the muscle mass on their way to becoming attached to a bundle of extrafusal muscle fibers. The main spur of dense collagen rapidly divides into fine bundles with septa between. Within this encapsulated region, branches of the entering sensory nerve intertwine among the fine bundles of collagen fibers via the septa. Towards the muscle end of the tendon organ, these fine bundles reorganize again into heavy, dense bundles before insertion of extrafusal muscle fibers.The hypothesis is presented that the spaces between collagen bundles in a relaxed tendon organ might spread open reducing pressure upon nerve endings lying between; during tension, these bundles would straighten and crowd together, leading to compression of nerve endings. Variable compression of nerve endings would excite electrochemical events in sensory axons; thus, tension information would be coded and transmitted to the central nervous system. The arrangement of a tendon organ in series with muscle fibers would imply that the organ sampled tension primarily of that group of extrafusal muscle fibers attaching to the organ.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091620208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report consists of an electron microscope study of developing cilia in nasal epithelium of 15–18 day mouse embryos. As soon as recognizable cilia were observed, the typical 9 + 2 pattern of ciliary microtubule pairs was present. However, at this stage the intracellular spatial alignment of adjacent cilia, reflected in the adult by directionally oriented central microtubules, was not observed. In the same stage, differentiated basal feet were randomly arranged on adjacent basal bodies within the same cell. The significance of these findings lies in the observation that the structures differentiate at random prior to and independent of the forces that orient them in a coordinated spatial and temporal relationshi

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091620209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine edible oils or fats (hydrogenated coconut, cod liver, Wesson, linseed, olive, butter, lard, corn and cocoa‐butter) were fed to Swiss albino mice for 90 days to study the effects of saturation, chain length, and essential fatty acid content on the liver. The specific oil or fat (selected for ranges in above variables) was used as the diet fat in a high‐fat (28%), low‐protein (8%), hypolipotropic diet. Half the animals received choline chloride (2 gm/100 gm) as a lipotropic supplement.Within the supplemented groups, ceroid pigment was limited to livers of mice fed cod liver oil. Among the unsupplemented groups, production of ceroid varied with the iodine value (IV) of the diet fat. Fats with low IV produced no pigment; intermediate IV showed ceroid distended Kupffer cells distributed throughout the hepatic lobule, while large, acellular, vacuolated masses of ceroid resulted from fats with highest IV.Hepatic liposis was minimal in supplemented groups; maximal in unsupplemented groups. Hepatic stroma was within normal limits in all groups. Production of ceroid pigment appeared to be unrelated to degree of liposis or fib

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091620210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY