摘要:

AbstractPrevious rapid‐freeze, deep‐etch replica studies have revealed the differences between heart and liver gap junctions; cytoplasmic surfaces of in situ and phenylmethylsulfnoyl fluoride (PMSF)‐unproteolyzed isolated cardiac gap junctions (MW 47 kD) have a particulate substructure, which is absent both in the proteolyzed heart junctions (MW 29 kD) and in the liver junctions isolated with PMSF (MW 28 kD). The present deep‐etch replica studies of gap junction cytoplasmic surface (CS) membranes in several tissues of rats and mice were performed to examine whether or not this difference between liver and heart is typical of variations in gap junction proteins from tissue to tissue.In surface mucous cells of the stomach, intestinal epithelial cells, and kidney tubule cells, these epithelial gap junctions always showed smooth cytoplasmic surfaces, similar to the liver gap junctions. In contrast, in the atrial myocardium, aortic endothelium, and the ciliary process, cytoplasmic surface membranes of the gap junctions consistently revelaed particulate patterns. Close examinations disclosed that those granular structures were not merely attached to the membrane surface, but they also protruded from the membrane interior as an integral component of gap junctions particles. Furthermore, in the pregnant rat uterus at term, cytoplasmic surface membrances of myometrial smooth muscle gap junctions were particulate, but those of endometrial epithelium were smooth.The present observations strongly suggest that tissue specificity exists in cytoplasmic surface structures of gap junctions between the “true” epithelial and the noneepithelial tissues: the nonepithelial gap junctions contain the additional cytoplasmic surface domain that is absent in the gap junctions of “true” ep

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092230202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe distribution of35S‐sulfate‐labeled macromolecules was examined within three regions of the transseptal ligament: the (1) mesial, (2) middle and (3) distal thirds. Swiss mice, 6 weeks of age, were injected with35S‐sulfate and killed after 1, 6, and 12 hours and 1,2,3,4,5, and 7 days. Silver grains and cell nuclei were counted on autoradiographs which had been counterstained by the Van Gieson method, and mean counts were analyzed statistically. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in mean number of cell nuclei between regions throughout the course of the experiment.35S‐sulfate was rapidly incorporated into the transseptal ligament macromolecules. Grain counts were highest 6 hours after injections: counts were higest over the middle and lowest over the mesial thirds of the ligament. The rate of grain removal was significantly higher in the middle third compared to the mesial or distal thirds (P<0.001) and was significantly lower in the mesial third compared to the middle or distal thirds (P<0.001). The half‐life of labeled macromolecules was significantly greater in the mesial and distal thirds than in the middle third (P<0.005). The data demonstrates significantly higher rates of turnover of35S‐sulfate‐labeled micromolecules in the middle region of the transseptal ligament. Since cellular density was similar throughout the transseptal ligament, higher turnover rates of35S‐sulfate‐labeled macromolecules peobable indicate higher rates of cellular activity in this region, possibly a result of tissue remodeling coincident to stresses generated by occlusal forces and physiologic drift of t

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092230203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe formation of granules in neutrophil (heterophil) progenitor cells was examined with the electron microscope in sections of rat bone marrow fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and postfixed with reduced osmium (Karnovsky:Proceedings of the 11th Meeting, American Society of Cell Biologists, Abstr. 284, p. 146, 1971). The cells were also osmicated in 2% osmium tetroxide for 36 hours at 37%C to outline the osmiophilic element usually observed on the cis‐face of the stacks of saccules of the Golgi apparatus of various cell types. In myeloblasts, which do not produce granules, the cis‐osmiophilic element (CE) was found on the concave face of the C‐shaped Golgi stacks, while the primary (azurophilic) granules fromed in relation to elements on the concave aspects of the stacks. In myleocytes, the situation was reversed: the CE was found on the concave face of the Golgi stacks, while the secondary (specific) granules were seen forming in relation to elements on the convex aspect of the stacks. Finally, in metamyelocytes and mature neutrophils in which no granule formation took place, the appearance on Golgi stacks varied: they were either flat or C‐shaped. The CE was indiscriminately found on one face or the other of the flat Golgi stacks of metamyetocytes and on the convex or concave faces of the C‐shaped Golgi stacks of mature neutrophis.Using the cis‐osmiophilic‐element as a marker of the cis‐face of the stackedGolgi elements, it thus appeared that despite marked changes in the configuration and orientation of the stacks the cis‐trans polarity of the stacked elements was maintained throughtout granulopoiesis. In addition the primary and secondary granules that appeared sequentially in promyelocytes and myelocytes were both seen to form in relation to trans‐elements of

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092230204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClusterd cells with steroid‐secreting morphology (SH), located within the paraaortic lymph node (PLN) capsules of normal and pregnant female golden hemsters, were examined by light and electron microscopy. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HD) activity of the SH cell cluster also was examined by histochemical techniques. The cluster was composed of mostly packed SH cells and surrounding mesenchymal cells. Individual SH cells posessed prominent smooth endoplasmic reticulum, well‐development Golgi complexes, some lipid droplets, and numerous mitochondria containing tubulovesicular cristae common to mammalian SH cells. Intermediate‐type junctions were often observed between SH cells. The same SH cells were rarely detected in the subcapsular sinus and in the cortical parenchyma of the PLN. Early oophorectomy of the hanster resulted in cytopolasmic degeneration of the SH cell at day 5 after the operation. On the other hand, normal adult male hamsters possessed similar PLNs, but mo SH cells were recoginzed in the nodos. The present hiustochemical preparation of normal PLNs revealed moderate‐to‐strong HD activity, probably associated with SH cell clusters, in the limited regions of the capsules.Based on the present ultrastructural and histochemical findings, it is proposed that the SH cell cluster consists of steroid produc

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092230205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMice were immunized subcutaneously with thymus‐independent (TI)‐type 1 antigen trinitrophenylated lipopolysacccgaride (TNP‐LPS), TI‐type 2 antigen TNP‐Ficoll or thymus‐dependnt (TD) antien TNP‐keyhole limpet haenicyanin (TNP‐KLH) in order to study the primary in situ immune response in popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) and spleen. The spleen responded more rapidly in developin specific antibody‐forming cells (AFC) than the lymph nodes did, in spite of the fact that antigens reach the spleen only after pasing several lymplh several lymph node stations. This difference between lymph nodes and spleen in development AFC was partivularly significant with respect to the responses to the responses to TI (both type 1 and type 2) antigens. No differences in the distribyution of specific AFC in PLN and spleen were oseved after immunization with TI and TD antigens. Results are discussed with respect to the relative contributions of lymph nodes and spleen to immune responses to antigens inject

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092230206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the ventral aorta of lamprey, microfibrils are major components of the extracellilar matrix. With special refeence to these microfibrils, we have cytochemically exmined the ventral aorta, utilizaing the tannic acid (pH 7.0)‐uranyl acetate (TA‐UA) method, elastase en bloc digestion, Thiéry's periodis acid‐thiocarbohydrazide‐silver proteinate (PA‐TCH‐SP) method, and ferritin‐ or horseradish peroxidase‐labeledd concanacalin A (Con A) methods. The lamprey microfirils were strongly stained with PA‐TCH‐SP and both Con A methods, but did not show TA‐UA staining nor elastase sensitivity. These cytochemical properties of lamprey microfibrils are identical with those of mammalian elastin‐associated microfibrils. On the other hand, in spite of extensive examination, TA‐UA positive and elastase‐sensitive extracellular components were not found, so that lamprey ventral aorta does not appear to contain elasin. These results indicate that lamprey lamprey aortic connective tissue contains microfibrils as elastic components, but deposition of amor

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092230207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe intention of this investigation was to ascertain the effect of maternal exposure to cigarette smoke on the early postnatal morphogenesis of pulmonary interstitum in offspring. Female rats were chronically exposed to whole cigraette smoke. Offspring of these and control animals were sacrificed at postnatal day 15, and their tissues were prepared for quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results indicate a diminished quantitative representaion of parenchymal tissue (P<0.01) and a slower pace of secondary septal growth (P<0.07) in the experimental lung. Furthermore, a greater cellular volume density (P<0.0002) was ascertained for the experimental septal inerstitium. There was proportionately less of elastin substances (P<0.009), collagen together with basal laminae (P<0.0008), and nonfibrillar, amorphous matrix (P<0.02) in the experimental extracellular stroma. Fribrillar collagen and nonfibrillar matrix were represented quantitatively 6.3 times more in the experimental extracellular interstitum than elastin, whereas that ratio for the control tissue was only 4.2. Most experimental interstitial cells (80%) contained numerous lipid globules, which, in contrast, were only occasionally present in control cells (7.3%). Experimental cells, consequently, possessed a larger cross‐sectional diameter and a smaller nucleus‐to‐cytoplasm volume ratio than control cells. These divergent developmental patterns are possibly suggestive of a delayed differentiation of interstitial cells and a modified production to degradation balance of stromal proteins in offspring of animals chronically exposed to whole cigarette

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092230208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is not known whether or not satellite cell nuclei are more common in the vicinity of motor endplates than in extrasynaptic regions of human muscle, as in animals. If so, perisynaptic satellite cells may have a role in preserving neuromuscular function. We compared the frequencies of satellite cell nuclei and of myonuclei in perisynaptic and extrasynaptic regions of human external intercostal muscle, and found an absolute as well as a relative increase of perisynaptic satellite cells. The mean frequency of satellite cell nuclei per sarcomere was 0.016 in perisynaptic and 0.00003 in extrasynaptic regions. The mean frequency of myonuclei per sarcomere was 0.098 in perisynaptic and 0.014 in extrasynaptic regions. We could not demonstrate any influence of aging on satellite cell distribution. Perisynaptic satellite cells had many processes, and some features suggested a more active state. These cells might add to the pool of junctional myonuclei for synthesis of acetylcholine‐receptor molecules or help in the repair of the postsynaptic membrane. Alternatively, they may synthesize basal lamina substances that are specific for the endplat

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092230209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparative study on the localization of prostatic inhibin peptide was carried out by the immunoperoxidase technique in prostates of humans, bonnet and langur monkeys, marmosets, dogs, and rats. A positive reaction was observed in the prostatic epithelial cells of humans, in all three species of monkeys, and in the rat, while the dog prostate did not exhibit any reaction. These observations indicate a close immunological similarity among human, monkey, and rat prostatic inhibin peptides.

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092230210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy a double immunocytochemical labeling procedure, using the protein A‐gold method combined with electron microscopy, the co‐localization pattern of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) was detected in the anterior pituitary cells of female rats and female musk shrews. Two types of co‐localization of GH and PRL were demonstrated. First, GH‐ and PRL‐containing secretory granules were intermixed within closely aggregated and interdigitated cell clusters that were composed of GH and PRL cells. This phenomenon was characteristically seen in pregnant rats and pregnant musk shrews. Therefore, the occurrence of an inter‐mixture of GH and PRL granules might be related to an enhanced cellular function for PRL synthesis.In another pattern of co‐localization of GH and PRL, both hormones were co‐packaged in the same secretory granules within a single cell. Such cells were scarce, small, irregularly shaped, and observed only in pregnant rats. These mixed GH‐PRL cells contained not only mixed GH‐PRL granules but also granules containing only GH or PRL. This suggests that these bihormonal cells are able to synthesize, synchronously or asynchronously, GH and PRL. Furthermore, granule extrusion from the mixed cells was clearly shown in this study. It seems likely that the mixed GH‐PRL cells reveal active cellular function in the pituitary glan

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1092230211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY