摘要:

Antibody-producing clones were obtained by hybridization of spleen cells from mice immunized with whole cultured human tumor cells and mouse myeloma cells, P3UX59AG8. The tumor cells were derived from a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor. One of the antibodies produced by these clones reacts with the original cell line, SK-PN-DW, and other more differentiated neuroectodermal tumors such as neuroblastomas and melanomas. The cell line SK-PN-DW contains antigenic determinants recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against melanoma, neuroblastoma, and human fetal brain. These data indicate that this primitive neuroectodermal tumor is derived from the neuroectoderm.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The results of 112 children with neuroblastoma treated at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1949 and 1980 were analyzed. Of these children, 58 were 0–11 months old and 54 were 12–23 months old and there was a median follow-up of 111 months. All 10 patients with Stage I are alive, 21/27 with Stages II and III (78% ) are alive, 5/67 patients (7% ) with Stage IV are alive, and 7/8 patients with Stage IVS are alive. Age of the children is an independent prognostic factor. The survival of infants with Stage IV is significantly better than it is for older children of the same stage. Two of 15 infants in Stages II and III died, both of early complications, whereas 4/12 older children with the same stages died. Minimal individualized treatment is recommended for children 0–11 months old who have localized and Stage IVS neuroblastoma.Children less than 1 year old with localized and Stage IVS neuroblastoma had an extremely good prognosis (90% survival) and were usually cured without intensive chemotherapy. Surgical removal of the primary tumor was sufficient for Stage I, and partial tumor removal followed by conservative radiation or chemotherapy was sufficient in most Stage II and III patients. Gentle, individualized treatment was adequate for Stage IVS. Children less than 1 with Stage IV neuroblastoma had a significantly better prognosis than older children of the same stage, but their prognosis was still poor (18% survival).

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Review of the literature, as it pertains to the use of therapeutic and prophylactic granulocyte transfusions in the treatment of children with cancer, leads to the conclusion that granulocyte transfusions are of definite value in only one clinical setting. That setting is the severely neutropenic patient with Gram-negative septicemia who has failed to improve in response to appropriate antibiotics and in whom prompt bone marrow recovery seems unlikely. The efficacy of therapeutic granulocyte transfusions in other situations has not been demonstrated. Most investigators agree that prophylactic granulocyte transfusions should not be used because the benefits are few and the risks are great.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The indications for platelet transfusions in pediatric oncology remain largely undefined. Results of clinical studies suggest that transfusing platelets prophylactically can reduce the incidence of bleeding during remission induction of acute leukemia, but they have not been shown to decrease deaths due to hemorrhage or to increase the overall survival of patients so treated. The risk of alloimmunization due to frequent platelet transfusions is not great, but it represents a life-threatening complication for some patients.Following a critical analysis of the literature, the author offers guidelines for indications of platelet transfusions, platelet dose, and the means of reducing the risk of alloimmunization. Although only patients with leukemia were included in the studies reviewed in this article, the author believes that the guidelines developed apply to children with other oncologic diagnoses as well.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nutritional support for children with cancer is predicated on the belief that optimal nutrition promotes tolerance of anti-neoplastic therapy and preserves immunologic responsiveness. The use of nutritional support is based on the assumption that there is effective therapy for the primary disease and that there will be a predictable period of nutritional stress.The most common nutritional problem is posed by the failure of sick children willingly to eat enough to maintain nutritional homeostasis. Supplementation of oral intake with a nutritional formula given by a small-bore nasogastric tube is simple, effective, and economical. If the sum of oral and tolerated nasogastric tube feedings is less than that required for optimal nutrition, unmet needs may be satisfied by nutrients given into a peripheral vein. Total parenteral nutrition, given by central vein, is reserved for situations in which the combination of enteral and peripheral venous alimentation is inadequate.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children receiving anticancer therapy. Children who have severe neutropenia (neutrophil count less than 100/ mm3) for longer than 2 weeks should receive oral antibiotic prophylaxis. At present, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole in combination with either nystatin or amphotericin B is the best regimen for reducing the incidence of serious infections. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole is very effective in the prevention ofPneumocystis cariniipneumonitis. Clinicans will have to balance the advantages and disadvantages of prophylaxis in patients who are at risk forP. cariniipneumonitis.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The use of central access lines in children with cancer may significantly improve the quality of life of these patients. Indwelling atrial catheters (Broviac and Hickman catheters) seem at present to be the best technique. These catheters are associated with complications, of which infection is the most feared. However, their use allows patients to undergo complex prolonged therapy with less discomfort. These indwelling catheters also provide venous access at all times, which may be lifesaving.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) can occur in cancer patients who receive blood products containing viable histoincompatible lymphocytes during a time when these patients are immunosuppressed from cancer therapy. Irradiation of all blood products prior to infusion obviates the problem. Doses of 1500–5000 rad (cGy) can be used without altering nonlymphocytic cellular function. Facts concerning the development of graft-vs.-host disease as well as guidelines for the irradiation of blood products for prevention of graft-vs.-host disease are presented and discussed.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The presence of very high numbers of circulating leukemic blast cells is reported to be associated with (1) an increased risk of fatal complications secondary to hyperviscosity of blood and leukostasis, (2) tumor lysis causing metabolic derangements, (3) intravascular coagulopathy, and (4) proliferation of leukemic cells in the brain leading to intracranial hemorrhage. Transfusions of red cells further increases the possibility of fatal leukostasis.Recommendations for care of these patients include adequate hydration, alkalinization, control of uric acid production with allopurinol, correction of the many possible fluid and electrolyte problems, possible use of hemodialysis, avoidance of excessive transfusions, and the careful use of antileukemic drugs at the outset of therapy. Cranial radiation, leukapheresis, and exchange transfusions have been used in the hope of preventing the sometimes fatal complications in leukemic patients with hyperleukocytosis. However, the effectiveness of these techniques remains in question.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID