摘要:

AbstractFour broad classes of dependent variables (psychological strain, physical illness symptoms, health‐related behaviour and social participation) were associated with eleven categories of stressors and stress moderators from work and family life, using multiple logistic regression analysis for a random sample of 8700 full‐time male and female members of T.C.O., a major Swedish white‐collar labour federation (covering 25 per cent of the Swedish labour force). Our goal was to find broad patterns of associations by comparing relative magnitudes of effects for (a) stressors and stress moderators; (b) work and family activities, and (c) males and females.Fifty per cent of the associations between environmental factors and dependent variables were significant in the predicted direction at the 5 per cent level. However, only 5 per cent of the associations are as strong, for example, as average smoking/heart disease associations. Our primary conclusion is that job factors are the next strongest set of predictors of health and behaviour after age. Job factors are stronger than family factors for both men and women; proportionally increasing the explained variance by over 60 per cent versus roughly 20 per cent for family factors (over the 25 per cent of explanation due to demographic factors). The overall pattern of stressor/outcome associations is quite similar for men and women, although both job/outcome and family burden/outcome associations are stronger for women than for men. We failed to find a clear linkage between particular stressors and particular physical illnesses. Among the job factors, control and work load have the strongest associations; with the former predicting behaviour patterns and job satisfaction (along with social support), and the latter predicting mental strain symptoms. Family problems are associated with increased health risks (stronger for men) and family responsibilities and constraints affect health behaviour (stronger for women). Job satisfaction is the most successfully predicted outcome in the study, and is similarly affected for men and

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030080302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDiscriminant analysis was used to develop a profile of a typical Quality Circle Programme participant. Selected demographic, attitudinal, and behavioural characteristics were evaluated. Six characteristics significantly differentiated quality circle members from non‐members, including educational level, tenure, job satisfaction, consideration, performance, and absenteeism. A profile of the typical circle member is described, and interpretations of the discriminant analysis are discusse

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030080303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines how work‐related withdrawal‐inducing and restraining factors affect the intention to leave work of male and female teachers. It is assumed that while these intentions are induced by the employee's affective reaction to the work environment, they are also restrained by those personal gains and advantages provided by the present job that cannot be transferred to another.A path analysis performed on data collected from 239 high school teachers in Israel indicates some differences between the male and female groups. Some restraining effects on the intentions to resign were found among both, but the prevailing assumption that affective work reactions mediate between work environment and the intent to leave, was found among male teachers only. This and other observed differences in the predictors of male and female teachers' intentions to resign question the generality of prevailing assumptions of the psychological process of withdrawal. The need for gender adjustments in withdrawal models is propo

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030080304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the effects of advanced manufacturing technology on shopfloor operator jobs and work attitudes. A strong line of argument from labour process theory suggests that such technology will simplify and deskill jobs, and reduce the quality or working life. This proposition was explored within a large electronics company which assembles computer boards, where two different applications of information technology have been experienced. These were compared with two traditional manual assembly jobs. Assessment of job content, perceived job characteristics and operator work attitudes, showed no uniform deskilling effects of advanced manufacturing technologies. Much larger differences existed both between the different new technology applications and between the traditional jobs. This demonstrates that choice of technology is important to skill use and employees' attitudes, as are the choices for the organization of work around it. These are not uniform processes even within a single organization. Experience of operating advanced manufacturing technology was also accompanied by more positive views concerning its impact on the shopfloor.

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030080305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines the motives that stimulate individuals into becoming business proprietors. More specifically, it aims to discover if entrepreneurs have multiple motives for creating their enterprises, if non‐economic motives predominate over economic ones, and if men and women have similar reasons for business founding.Results, based on personal interviews with 35 men and 34 women, indicate that both genders have a variety of reasons for founding and that women, as well as men, are primarily motivated by autonomy, achievement, a desire for job satisfaction and other non‐economic rewards. A desire to make money is not, however, an unimportant motive.Turning to differences in motives we find that women are less concerned with making money and often choose business proprietorship as a result of career dissatisfaction. They also see entrepreneurship as a means of meeting simultaneously their own career needs and the needs of their child

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030080306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model of job turnover that includes job performance as a predictor was presented and tested longitudinally using path analysis. Out of seven hypothesized paths, six were significant and in the predicted direction. The seventh one was significant but in a direction opposite to that predicted.

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030080307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030080308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030080309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030080310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030080301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY