摘要:

AbstractResearch on job satisfaction traditionally has gathered data at the level of the overall job. But a job consists of many distincttasks—some of which may be enjoyable, complex, and important, and some not. Job satisfaction research so far has not assessed affective or motivational properties of individual tasks; therefore, it is not known how experiences with individual tasks contribute to global job satisfaction. To address that question, a task analysis technique was developed and used to gather detailed descriptions of the time‐allocation, importance, autonomy, attention demands, complexity, and enjoyment of each individual task performed by 573 employees on a diverse sample of jobs. The task‐level data allowed the examination of relationships between task experiences on the one hand, and both global and facet measures of job satisfaction on the other. Results suggested that task‐level measurement assessed different psychological processes than those assessed by traditional global and facet measures. Global and facet measures of job satisfaction were found to be consistent with, but only partially predictable from, individual task properties. Task analysis is a cumbersome process; nevertheless, by complementing traditional, global measurement procedures, task‐level assessment may facilitate new research into the nature of job sat

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030160202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030160203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThough it appears intuitively appealing that individual differences should be related to a person's decision to perform citizenship behaviors, the search for such individual differences has yet to yield clear results. In this study, data were collected to assess the extent of a relationship between individualism–collectivism as a within culture individual difference and self‐reports of organizational citizenship behaviors. Results suggest that if an individual holds collectivistic values or norms, he/she would be more likely to perform citizenship behaviors. In addition, this relationship was found to be robust to common method effects and to the effect of the relationship between procedural justice and OCB. Implications for the way collectivistic tendencies within cultures may be used in organizations are discus

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030160204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe investigated the associations of the quantity and quality of part‐time employment with the school performance (amount of class cutting, homework, and average grades) and personal functioning (self‐esteem and time use) of high‐school students. Two hypotheses were tested: (a) working long hours would be associated with detrimental effects, but (b) the quality of employment would moderate these effects, such that employment quantity would be associated with detrimental effects only for low quality jobs. Data from 563 high school students (n= 233 in part‐time employment) provided support for the hypotheses. Conceptual, practical and policy ramifications of these findings are con

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030160205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study discusses the applicability of culture shock and cultural distance with respect to intercultural interaction, one of the cross‐cultural adjustment dimensions. It examines the relationship of intercultural interaction with length of time in the host country and location of the foreign assignment. This study used a sample of 162 international managers from five multinational companies. The results suggest that the culture shock hypothesis does not hold for intercultural interaction. Rather, intercultural interaction continued to increase over time. The cultural distance hypothesis is also questioned. European managers completing a foreign assignment in Europe showed less intercultural interaction than European managers in North America and Asia. The desirability of intercultural interaction is discussed in the context of the strategic balance between global integration and local responsiveness and the need for dual citizen and mediating person

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030160206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe main focus of the study was the crossover of burnout and of coping resources from husbands to wives andvice versa.The study was carried out on 101 couples, male military officers and their wives, who were randomly selected by the Israel Defense Force computer. They filled out questionnaires that measured their level of burnout, job stress, work support, family support concerning work problems, and their sense of control. Findings reveal that the husbands' sense of control and burnout were positively related to the corresponding variables measured for their wives. To establish the crossover effect, the theoretical model was tested by structural equation analysis (LISREL), which showed a positive effect of wives' burnout on husbands' burnout, after controlling for the husbands' own job stress and coping resources. The husbands' burnout likewise affected their wives' burnout. Thus, a crossover of burnout was exhibited from husbands to wives and vice versa. Furthermore, for both sexes, sense of control had the highest impact on their own burnout and on their spouse's burnout, after controlling for their own job stress and resources. Thus, the spouse's sense of control was found to be an additional resistance resource working to the benefit of the other partner. The relevance of these findings to burnout prevention is discussed.

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030160207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEmpirical evidence relating personnel department budgets to desired organizational outcomes remains sketchy and inconclusive. An analysis was conducted of the relationship between previous year's personnel department expenditures and total annual output, for 11 large railroads over a six‐year period. There was a significant partial correlation between these two variables. However, after controlling for total assets and workforce size, a regression analysis indicated that individual railroads were unable to adjust their personnel department expenditures over time to maximize productivity. Implications for research and practice are discusse

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030160208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study attempted to identify the unique components of burnout among school principals using Facet Theory as a theory construction tool. A total of 571 elementary and secondary school principals in Israel completed a questionnaire containing items relating to their feelings about themselves, their environment and work. Data were analyzed employing Small Space Analysis (SSA). Results indicated that burnout among school principals may be presented in a two‐dimensional space, incorporating:experiences(weariness or discontent), andthe focus(internal or external) of those experiences. Four components of the burnout phenomenon in principals emerged in this two‐dimensional space:exhaustion, self‐discontent, aloofness, anddeprec

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030160209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3796    

DOI:10.1002/job.4030160201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY