摘要:

AbstractTwo kinds of nonaggressive mice were used as subjects: 1) males from a strain selectively bred for nonaggressiveness (TNA) and 2) males from a strain selectively bred for aggressiveness (TA) but made nonaggressive by defeats in fights. The aggressiveness of neither type of animal was increased by injections of ethyl alcohol in concentrations of 1 gm/kg and 1.5 gm/kg. Three series of experiments were performed. The results were incompatible with the assumption of a general physiological aggression‐heightening effect of ethanol, and also with an assumption of removal by alcohol of learned inhibitions against aggressio

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:2<105::AID-AB2480040202>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was conducted to replicate and extend a finding by Wheeler and Levine [1967] indicating that a dissimilar model was more effective in inducing the contagion of aggression than a similar model. On the basis of recent findings suggesting the circumstances under which dissimilar others are more influential than similar others, the following predictions were derived: When subjects are highly instigated, dissimilar models can influence subjects to be more aggressive than can similar models; when subjects are under a low degree of instigation similar models will influence subjects to be more aggressive. Subjects presented their point of view on a case study in a three‐person group discussion setting. Then subjects heard the second person (instigator) attack their position in a highly abusive or slightly abusive manner (High vs Low Instigation). Next subjects heard a third person, whom they had been led to believe was similar or dissimilar to themselves, attack the instigator (Similar vs Dissimilar Model). Finally subjects had an opportunity to express their feelings to the instigator. The results supported the prediction

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:2<115::AID-AB2480040203>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of experiments were undertaken to demonstrate the dominance advantage of a territorial resident over an intruder (the prior residence effect) in the adult male Convict Cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) and to evaluate the effects of alcohol (ethanol) on this phenomenon. After successfully demonstrating the prior residence effect, additional experiments were conducted in which the resident or intruder was given one of three different doses of ethanol (0.15%, 0.20%, 0.35%). These doses have previously been shown to reduce or increase intraspecific aggression in this species Over the entire dosage range, drugging the intruder produced no changes in the dominance advantage of the resident. However, drugging the resident at the higher doses (0.20%, 0.35%) resulted in loss of the resident's dominance advantage. These effects were not due to impaired locomotor behavior of the drugged fish, as no abnormal motor behaviors were noted. In general, as reported in previous studies, the resident fish, whether drugged or not, typically attacked first. Also as has been previously shown, the fish that attacked (bit) first typically showed eventual dominance. The present results show that the dominance advantage of the territorial resident is not altered by giving an intruder a hypo‐ or hyperaggression‐producing dose of alcohol. Changes in the dominance advantage occur only as a function of drugging the resident, thereby providing evidence that the behavior of the territorial resident is either directly or indirectly (reaction of the intruder to these changes) responsible for the prior residence effect. The present studies also provide some pharmacological approaches for determining the variables important in a laboratory analog of a naturally occurring instance of intraspecific aggress

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:2<125::AID-AB2480040204>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study the aggressive responses directed by small groups of female mice towards virgin, pregnant, and lactating female strangers, which were individually introduced into their cages, were compared. The results obtained show that, except when lactating, pregnant females are neither attacked much more often nor any more severely than virgin mice. It is suggested that only the state of lactation favors the production of stimuli (olfactory) which release attack by female mice.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:2<133::AID-AB2480040205>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo experiments examined the influence of periods of social isolation on rates of intersubject pecking in pairs of domestic chicks. Of central interest was the effect of an imprinting condition wherein single birds were reared with either a red or green Styrofoam object. In the first experiment, imprinted subjects were given social pecking tests in the absence of the imprinting object, while in the second study the tests for social pecking were conducted in the presence of one of the imprinting objects. In the latter test the object was familiar to one bud of a pair, but was novel to the other animal. The results of both experiments showed that the rate of intersubject pecking of the imprinted subjects was intermediate to, and statistically different from both the low pecking rate of chicks reared in pairs and the high pecking rate of chicks reared in total isolation. The presence of a familiar object during tests in the second study seemed to serve as a secure base since chicks that had been reared with that object exhibited more social pecking than did chicks that were unfamiliar with the object. However, regardless of the provision of the object the social pecking of the imprinted chicks again fell on a point intermediate to the other groups. Hypotheses concerning a) intolerance of figureground movement and b) sheer stress of isolation were advanced to account for these results.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:2<141::AID-AB2480040206>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA variety of strategies have been employed in assessing the role of catecholamines (CA) in predatory behavior; the results of these various approaches are reviewed. While it remains difficult to ascribe a single biologically significant role to CA at this time, this may at least in part reflect measurement considerations, problems in the widely varying experimental models, pharmacologic side effects, and failures to categorically distinguish the differing contributions of individual CA systems in the control of predation. The potential role of such factors in determining the outcome of an experiment are reviewed and possible functional contributions of CA systems are suggested.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:2<153::AID-AB2480040207>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSocial agonism and dominance relations were assessed in two preschool groups. An average of 30 hours of observational data was obtained for each group during free‐play over a six‐week period. A Social Agonism Inventory describing specific initiation and response behaviors during episodes of social conflict was used to code agonistic activity. Dyadic interactions were examined to determine whether the resolution of agonistic interactions conformed to a linear model of social dominance. Although there were group differences in the relative frequency of different forms of conflict, systematic comparison of agonistic wins and losses re vealed similarly rigid and linear dominance structures at both preschools. The relation of aggression and dominance was empirically examined by comparing the initiation and receipt of agonism by high vs low dominance status children. Higher dominance status children engaged in more agonistic interactions, but a majority of these interactions were directed toward other high‐ranking group me

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:2<173::AID-AB2480040208>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChildren's and teachers' perception of social dominance was examined using a behavioral criterion for determining accuracy of verbal judgments. Video records of agonistic interactions were obtained during approximately 60 hours of free‐play at two preschool centers. Analyses of social conflict episodes ending in submission revealed linear dominance structures for both groups. Dominance perception was assessed in two ways. Both teachers and children were asked to rank‐order a subgroup of children according to dominance. They were also asked to select the more dominant children in a number of predetermined pairs. Results indicated that teachers could accurately judge dyadic dominance relations, and that accuracy among children varied as a function of their status within the group hierarchy. Findings have implications for social dominance assessment methodology, and for the issue of consensual versus ecological validity in developmental studies of social percept

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:2<183::AID-AB2480040209>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:2<193::AID-AB2480040210>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:2<::AID-AB2480040201>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY