摘要:

AbstractTwo studies compared judgments about aggressive components of jealous reactions to the partner and to the rival, specifically, emotional (anger), cognitive (blame), and behavioral components. The first study randomly assigned 172 young women and men to two questionnaires on jealous reactions to mild (flirting) and serious (cheating) transgressions. One questionnaire assessed standards for appropriate behavior and perceptions of how people usually react. The second questionnaire asked people to report how they had reacted or, if not experienced with a sexual transgression, how they would react. The second study asked 113 people to imagine a situation in which they knew their partner had been sexually unfaithful.There were three major findings that were interpreted in the context of courtship, a time when attention is focused on the qualities of one's potential long‐term partner. First, the jealous individual's anger and blame were focused more on the partner than the rival. Second, mean anger and blame scores given the partner were well matched. In contrast, the rival received more anger and blame than deemed appropriate and considerably more anger than blame. These data suggest that, in the context of courtship, a rival is not simply a competitor. Third, men were more inclined tothinkabout aggressive action against the rival but women were more emotionally and behaviorally reactive to the rival. The latter result implies that, in the context of competition for an established romantic partner, a rival is more salient for women than for men. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1993)19:6<401::AID-AB2480190602>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the present study, 119 high school boys and 79 institutionalized delinquent boys of the same age range were assessed on their own aggressive behavior and on their tendencies to attribute social failure to controllable, external, stable causes, anticipate a hostile affective response, and endorse aggressive behavioral responses to by pothetical social situations. While the two populations of boys did not differ detectably in their attributional tendencies, therelationsbetween an individual's aggressiveness and an individual's attributions differed considerably across the two populations. In particular, among deliquent but not among delinquent but not among nondelinquent boys, the tendency to attribute one's social failures to stable and controllable causes predicted stronger hostile emotional responses to failure and a tendency to endorse physically aggressive responses following such failure. These hostile emotional responses to failure and this preference for a physically aggressive response, in turn, predicted greater actual aggression within the population of delinquent boys. Neither of these links could be demonstrated for nondelinquent boys. However, in the nondelinquent sample, attributing social failure to external and controllable causes predicted endorsement of aggressive responses only indirectly through increased hostile affect. It was concluded that the specific relations between cognitive and affective responses to social failure may be a contributing factor to the serious physical aggression displayed by some delinquents and to the less serious aggression of nondelinquents. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1993)19:6<421::AID-AB2480190603>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined whether adult male aggression is influenced by either visual or olfactory exposure in early postnatal life to brief episodes of aggression. Another focus of interest was the interplay between a genetic disposition for aggressive behavior and early exposure experiences. The subjects used in the study were male mice of the 49th generation of selection for high (Turku Aggressive, TA) and low (Turku Non‐Aggressive, TNA) levels of aggressiveness. Moderately aggressive males of the parental strain (Normal, N) were also used. Subjects of each strain were exposed from 21 to 32 days of age to fighting males either behind a wire mesh or glass screen. Control subjects were isolated during the entire experimental period. At 90–100 days of age, each subjects was tested three times for its aggressiveness. Exposure to fighting males behind a wire mesh screen enhanced later aggressiveness of juvenile male mice. Juveniles exposed solely to visual cues were comparable to isolates, both groups showing less adult aggression. Early experience and the genetic disposition for aggression were correlated; TA males showing the greatest increase in aggressive behavior. The role of early olfactory learning is discussed. © 1993 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1993)19:6<435::AID-AB2480190604>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of four novel odors on risk assessment by mice (i. e., flat back approach, stretched attention, immobility) and the suppression of appetitive behaviors were examined in two experiments. When novel odors were presented in a straight runway, subjects spent significantly less time in the odor compartment, relative to controls, when it contained sheep wool, chocolate, or citronella (but not cat fur) odors. Risk assessment behaviors occurred at similar levels among all groups and appetitive behaviors were not suppressed by the novel odors. When odorants were scattered over one half of the subjects' home cage floor in Experiment 2, all novel odors increased the duration of at least on e risk assessment measure and/or suppressed appetitive behaviors (i. e., eating, grooming, rearing). The results clearly reveal that a reasonably wide range of novel odors evoke at least some level of risk assessment which presumably reflects increased fearfulness. The odors of sheep wool and cat fur induced a wider range of such responses than did chocolate or cinnamon suggesting that mammalian odors may be particularly effective stimuli. If so, however, it is clear that predator odors are not uniquely effective in this regard. Experiment 1 also underscores the importance of the testing environment in assessing the behavioral effects of novel odors in mice. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1993)19:6<447::AID-AB2480190605>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSocial dominance was analyzed in a group ofLemur macacoover a one‐year period. A gonistic dominance was assessed by computing a dominance index for each individual in baseline conditions and in a competitive drinking situation, where success was measured as the amount of time in possession of the resource (a hottle of fruit juice). Dominance indexes during drinking competition were significantly correlated with baseline dominance indexes but were not correlated with individual drinking success. Adult females were agonistically do, omsmy over all other individuals, but were frequently challenged by juveniles of both sexes for access to the drinking bottle. In males, there was a significant negative correlation between age and dominance indexes during competition tests, and between age and drinking success. Results are analysed in the ligh of recent theories concerning the emergence of female social dominance. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1993)19:6<455::AID-AB2480190606>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1993)19:6<465::AID-AB2480190607>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1993)19:6<467::AID-AB2480190608>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1993)19:6<::AID-AB2480190601>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY