摘要:

AbstractCytidine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cCMP) and its associated enzymes have recently been identified in a number of mammalian tissues. The analogy with other cyclic nucleotides leads to speculation that it may prove to be a second messenger for some neurotransmitters and/or hormones. In this study we examined the possibility that cCMP may modulate aggressive behaviour. When dibutyryl cCMP (250 μg and 2.5 mg/k SC) was administered to mice it proved to have a potent antiaggressive influence but had little effect on general activity. It was concluded that cCMP may prove to have an important metabolic fu

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:4<281::AID-AB2480090402>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRats were selected on the basis of reactivity to dorsal tactile stimulation and then tested in a resident‐intruder paradigm. While reactivity of residents did not influence the occurrence of agonistic behaviors or wounding of residents and intruders, reactivity of intruders did affect offensive and defensive patterns of interactions and the wounds sustained by residents and intruders. Subsequent to resident‐intruder testing, rats were tested for shock‐induced aggression. The pattern of the results and the results of additional experiments demonstrated that resident‐intruder experience could affect subsequent shock‐induced aggressive

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:4<287::AID-AB2480090403>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSmall groups of female Siamese fighting fish were observed in an attempt to determine whether a dominance order exists in these fish. Each fish, in each group, was allocated a rank for each activity on each day of observation. The rankings for the number of bites of food from a restricted source, the number of displays, the order of attacks, and the number of attacks each showed a significant concordance from day to day. A significant concordance was also found between the rankings of the different parameters. These data show that a stable dominance order is formed when females are in small groups. The top‐ranked fish engages in more mutual displays and single‐fish displays with the second‐ranked fish than with the bottom‐ranked fish. Displays showed differences in duration dependent upon whether or not they resulted in an attack. These data are discussed in terms of the conflict hypothesis and are in agreement with Simpson [1968] concerning the use of that hyp

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:4<303::AID-AB2480090404>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMice that are confined in a narrow cylinder readily bite inanimate targets. The following studies were conducted to determine the effects of tail shock on the target biting behavior of two strains of mice. During 20‐min daily sessions, ten tail shocks were administered on a fixed‐time 2‐min schedule. One group of mice received a tone‐conditioned stimulus (CS) which terminated with the onset of the shock, and a second group of mice did not. Target bites were collected in eight 15‐sec bins over the 2‐min trial and cumulated over the session. It was observed that tail shock was followed by an increase in target biting and that there was a comparatively high intershock interval biting rate. In addition, intershock interval biting was suppressed for the duration of the CS. These observations are discussed in terms of the utility of this paradigm for the psychopharmacological assessment of aggressi

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:4<309::AID-AB2480090405>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of housing conditions (individual or grouped) on the biting of an inanimate target by confined male mice and rats were measured. It was observed that, for both mice and rats, individual housing markedly increased the number of target bites per session. These results indicate that the target‐biting paradigm is sensitive to those factors responsible for the increase in fighting behavior following individual housin

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:4<315::AID-AB2480090406>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTheories of human aggression tend to emphasize aggression as a male phenomenon. An ecological approach to aggression implies that females ought to be aggressive when confrontation is a viable means of attaining scarce resources. In modern Zambia, intrafemale aggression occurs at the individual and socioeconomic class levels. At the individual level, aggression occurs between women for a specific man or his economic resources both within households and beyond their boundaries. At the class level, elite and poor women combine forces to victimize subelite women. Both levels of aggression involve competition over the scarce resource of socially desirable men and their support. Competition is due to the unequal access of the genders to opportunities for labor‐force participation and hence different positions in the stratification system, the desire for hypergamous marriage, marital instability, changing role expectations, and the increased dependency of women on me

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:4<319::AID-AB2480090407>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFluoxetine is a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake into serotonergic presynaptic terminals of rat brain. This compound was shown to develop a clinical antidepressant activity. Rat muricidal aggression, which is believed to involve a decrease of brain serotonergic inhibitory control, is also believed to represent a good experimental tool to study the efficacy of antidepressant drugs, which usually inhibit this behavior. In this framework, fluoxetine is also capable of significantly reducing muricidal aggression induced by p‐chlorophenylalanine in male Wistar rat

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:4<333::AID-AB2480090408>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSociological explanations of crime have given considerable attention to Merton's anomie theory without systematically testing it. This paper tests Merton's theory through operationalizing anomie in terms of the degree of inequality in the distribution of income in each of the 50 states. A multiple regression analysis determines that while income inequality is significantly related to the rate of homicide, it is not significantly related to the rate of property crime. A preliminary cross‐national analysis of 20 nations replicates this same general finding. The results suggest that a relatively large gap between material success and the means to success is likely to result in crimes of violence rather than property crime once we control the influence of other variable

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:4<339::AID-AB2480090409>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo studies were conducted using Buss hostility machine paradigm to investigate the role of individual differences in irritability and emotional susceptibility on the instigation to aggress by a self‐esteem lowering manipulation and on the hypothesized escalation of aggression over trials. The role of sex was also examined.In the first study, 60 highly irritable and 60 low irritable subjects were given the opportunity to deliver electric shocks to an experimental confederate, half after being provoked by a negative judgement on their performance in a learning task, half without such an experience. Each group of subjects was divided equally between males and females. It was found that highly irritable subjects, both males and females, delivered higher shocks after provocation than low irritable subjects under similar circumstances. An upward drift of shock level over trials was found only in provoked males and only in highly irritable females.In the second study, 60 highly emotionally susceptible and 60 low emotionally susceptible males and females were given the opportunity to deliver electric shocks to an experimental confederate, half after experiencing provocation, half without such an experience. It was found that provoked subjects delivered higher shocks than unprovoked subjects and that highly emotionally susceptible subjects delivered higher shocks than low emotionally susceptible subjects.Whereas an upward drift of shock levels over trials was found only in provoked males, the same effect was found in females, whether provoked or not. These findings are discussed in terms of the importance of stable personality characteristics that may mediate aggressive respons

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:4<345::AID-AB2480090410>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate several possible neural sites for d‐amphetamine's effect on mouse killing and feeding behaviors. d‐Amphetamine (10, 20, and 30 μg) injected into each lateral ventricle, suppressed mouse kiling, food, and water intake in a dose‐dependent manner. Bilateral adminstration of d‐amphetamine (20 μg) into the central amygdaloid nucleus abolished mouse killing behavior but did not affect feeding and drinking. By contrast, bilateral amphetamine injections into the substantia nigra, or into the ventral region of the caudate nucleus, did not suppress mouse killing behavior, but significantly decreased food and water intake. The lateral hypothalamus was sensitive to d‐amphetamine injections, which suppressed mouse killing and food intake as well as water intake. d‐Amphetamine injections into the nucleus accumbens produced inconsistent effects on mouse killing and feeding. Our observations suggest a differentiation of the neural sites that mediate feeding from those underlying mouse kil

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:4<353::AID-AB2480090411>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY