摘要:

AbstractIntoxicated and nonintoxicated subjects were given the opportunity to administer electric shocks to a nonprovocative opponent within the context of a competitive reaction time task. Social pressure was used to persuade subjects to administer a highly noxious electric shock to the passive opponent. The social pressure manipulation significantly increased the intoxicated subjects' use of the highly noxious shock. Non‐intoxicated subjects did not evidence an appreciable increase in the use of the intense shock optio

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:4<237::AID-AB2480140402>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInteractions between suggested risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease (namely aggression, competitive performance, and cardiovascular reactions) were studied in 36 adolescent boys. Different manifestations of aggression were measured using a structured interview, the aggression‐impatience factor of the MYTH test, and observation. Self‐confidence was assessed by means of an interview. The performance tests used were the Stroop Color Word test and the P‐factor test. Cardiovascular reactions were measured using an automatic noninvasive sphygmomanometer with a continuous recording system. Results showed that the significance of aggression in performance or competition cannot be evaluated separately; aggression in itself had an injurious effect on performance, but when combined with high self‐confidence it resulted in a high level of performance. High cardiovascular reactivity was related to competitiveness rather than aggression. The results emphasize that before intervention programs for behavioral risk factors of coronary heart disease are planned, there are many questions to

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:4<245::AID-AB2480140403>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProblem‐solving strategies in hypothetical social situations were studied in 103 aggressive and 79 nonaggressive children. Subjects solved six aggression‐provoking situations from children's ordinary lives. Causal thinking, alternative thinking, and prognosticating consequences were evaluated. Cognitions of aggressive children differed from those of nonaggressive children. The greatest differences were found not in high aggressiveness but in aggressive childrens' inability to detect constructive alternatives to aggressive behavior. A child's aggressiveness was a more important determinant than was sex. These findings combined with the finding that strategies can be learned offer an approach to primary prevent

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:4<255::AID-AB2480140404>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCharacteristics of the attack‐target in laboratory tests appear to greatly influence the tendency for aggression to be initiated, maintained, and stopped. To address this question, accessibility, target movement, and vocalization among pigeon conspecifics were investigated in two different aggression tests: 1) paired aggression (PA); and 2) schedule‐induced aggression (SI). In the PA test, dominant and subordinate roles formed quickly, and soon aggression episodes started to decline. In part, the subordinate's yielding behavior appeared to discourage attack. The significance of the target bird's behavior on attack frequency was borne out by the finding in the SI test that pigeons attacked a shielded, live, active target more often than a passive one. Furthermore, using a specially constructed stuffed pigeon in the SI test, results indicated that programmed, combined aggressive vocalization and body movement evoked most attacks with the VT schedule, vocalization alone evoked the next highest number of attacks, body movement alone the third most, and combined silence and immobility the least attacks. These findings provide a basis for explaining some past reported results associated with target features and a means for selecting other target features for future st

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:4<265::AID-AB2480140405>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLaboratory rats were used to investigate sex and strain differences in the effects of aggression on a cooperative behavior in which pairs learned to coordinate shuttling in a rectangular chamber. The level of aggression was manipulated by comparing males and females of the aggressive S3 strain and a less aggressive Sprague‐Dawley‐derived strain and housing same‐sex partners either together or individually (8 groups, n = 7 pairs per group). Hormone levels were stabilized by gonadectomy and daily injections of the appropriate sex hormone. The only serious coordination deficits were in individually housed males, associated with violent fighting and an extreme dominance/subordinance relationship that was not observed in females. All other groups readily learned and performed the coordination with evidence that low and moderate levels of aggression could facilitate coordination by evoking species‐typical behaviors that increased proximity, synchrony, and differentiation within pairs. The discussion focused on models of affiliative behavior in the study of aggression and the compatibility between moderate levels of aggression and coop

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:4<275::AID-AB2480140406>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdult CD‐1 male mice were gonadectomized and tested for their response to the aggression‐promoting property of androgens, estrogens, or combined androgen‐estrogen treatment. The results showed that the combined treatment was the most effective, although androgens alone were sufficient for behavioral restoration. These findings suggest that testosterone may activate aggression through both its androgenic and estrogenic metabo

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:4<291::AID-AB2480140407>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:4<297::AID-AB2480140408>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:4<299::AID-AB2480140409>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:4<::AID-AB2480140401>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY