摘要:

AbstractElderly offenders aged 60 and above constitute less than 8% of the population in a maximum security mental hospital. These offenders fall into 2 groups: 1) first admission at or after the age of 50 and 2) first admission before 50. Fewer first time offenders committed homicide in the first group than those in the second group. Neuropsychiatric disturbance and sex offending was common among male first time offenders in the first group; in contrast, schizophrenia and violent offending against persons was found more often in the second group. It is argued that elderly first time offenders should be given adequate neuropsychiatric assessment. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:5<321::AID-AB2480210502>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes two studies involving a questionnaire asking about the circumstances, antecedents, and consequences of the most recent fight among samples of young men (100 students in Study I; 88 students and 87 unemployed men in Study II). In Study I, the students alos completed a standard aggression questionnaire and one concerning masculine values to assess whether measures of physical aggressiveness were associated with traditional masculine role norms. There was a weak association with physical aggressiveness but not with reported fights. Students with traditionally masculine interests did report more fights. In Study II, both subsamples showed significant correlations between a masculine role subscale involving toughness from this study were primarily assessed in relation to hyphotheses derived from Darwinian sexual selection theory: that fights between young men are likely to arise from threats to personal integrity and status, women, and resoureces; that fights will be more related to social status and be more damageing among the unemployed men than the students. In line with these predictions, insults were a potent cause of fights in both samples, but public humiliation was a more common reason among the unemployed men, Money or property was more often a reason for fighting among the unemployed men also showed higher levels of anger and physical aggression (but not verbal aggression) on a standard aggression questionnaire. Other differences included the location of the fight, but there were no significant differences between the two samples in whether or not a fight had occured in the last 5 years. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:5<325::AID-AB2480210503>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to investigate some of the ways in which ethnicity and gender influence interpretations of aggression, 363 Anglo and Hispanic university students responded to a questionnaire soliciting their evaluations of aggression in three situations. Consistent with previous research and with the stereotype of machismo, Hispanics, particularly Hispanic males, were more likely to endorse some aggressive behaviors than Anglos. However, the same pattern of gender influences emerged for both ethnic groups. As predicted, males were more aggressive and more supportive of fighting back and punishing an aggressor than females, whereas females were more likely to show self‐control about aggression and to endorse restraint. Respondents, particularly males, said that they would behave more aggressively toward a male, and they encouraged a male to behave more aggressively. These results are consistent with the social constructionist view that performance and evaluations of aggression are largely influenced by cultural factors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:5<343::AID-AB2480210504>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study tested Berkowitz' [1989: Psychological Bulletin 106:59‐73] reformulation of the frustration‐aggression hypothesis which states that any negative or aversive stimulus such as frustration, even if justified, will result in some measurable tendency to aggress, Participants' attainment of an expected gratification was either blocked in an unjustified manner, blocked in a justified manner, or not blocked at all. Degree of hostile aggression directed at the frustrating individual was measured. As predicted, justified frustration produced less hostile aggression than unjustified frustration, but even justified frustration produced more hostile aggression than no frustration at all. Results support Berkowitz' frustration‐aggression reformulation. © 1995 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:5<359::AID-AB2480210505>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo recently developed questionnaire measures of aggression, the Aggression Questionnaire [Buss and Perry (1992; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63:452–459]; and the Aggression Inventory [Gladue (1991a); Psychological Reports 68:675–684], were administered to a British sample (N=320) of men and women undergraduates. Both questionnaires contain subscales measuring physical and verbal aggression; the other scales of the Aggression Questionnaire measure anger and hostility, and those of the Aggression Inventory measure impulsiveness and avoidance of aggression. The factor structure of scales were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. The interrelations of the subscales were calculated in both cases: anger was independently related to verbal and physical aggression and to hostility on the Aggression Questionnaire; impulsivity, and verbal and physical aggression were associated on the Aggression Inventory. Sex differences were largest on the two physical subscales, of lesser magnitude but still significantly different for the two verbal subscales, but absent for anger and hostility. This supports the hypothesis that sex differences in aggression are larger for more escalated forms of aggression. The physical and verbal subscales of the two questionnaires were each highly correlated with one another and the impulsive subscale of the Aggression Inventory highly correlated with the anger subscale of the Aggresion Questionnaire. Thus, two aggression questionnaires developed in the US not only produce similar associations between subscales and sex differences among a British undergraduate sample, but also show high correlations between their respective scales. © 1995 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:5<371::AID-AB2480210506>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation sought to establish the relationships between two measures of aggression and both subjects' self‐reported attraction to fights and likelihood that they would join in a crowd disturbance. Subjects were adult males (N= 63) interviewed at an ice hockey game. Tests of the false consensus effect [Ross et al. (1977): Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13: 279–301] were also undertaken. Physical aggression and anger bore strong, positive correlations with subjects' liking to watch the fights and the likelihood of their escalating a crowd disturbance. Support for the false consensus effect was found insofar as those attracted to the fights and those who would escalate a disturbance estimated a disproportionately greater number of other spectators were similarly attracted to fights and would take similar action. The implications for unruly crowd behaviors were discussed. © 1995 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:5<381::AID-AB2480210507>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContinuous exposure to ozone (O3, 1.2 ppm) in adult CD‐1 male mice for 20 consecutive days markedly influenced a number of items of aggressive behavior induced by 59 days of individual housing. The behavior of mice was videotaped on days 1, 3, and 5 of five consecutive daily encounters (10 min each; isolation days 55, 57, and 59). Ozone exposure caused an abatement of aggressive behavior and enhanced fear‐associated displays shown by a significant decrease in the frequency of attacking and digging and an increase in freezing. Moreover, O3induced a decrease of time spent in attacking and exploration/activity. Nonexposed animals exhibited a day‐dependent increase in self‐grooming frequency which was not observed in O3mice; by contrast, freezing was higher in O3mice on day 5 of the test. Data suggest that O3exposure produces a remarkable reduction of mouse aggression, indirectly confirming previous findings on physical and neurobehavioral effects of O3. © 1995 Wiley

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:5<387::AID-AB2480210508>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:5<397::AID-AB2480210509>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:5<::AID-AB2480210501>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY